(a) Interpretation: The concentration in % ( w / w ) of 5.20 g of CaCl 2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is to be calculated. Concept introduction: A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume ( % w / v ) , percent volume by volume ( % v / v ) and molarity ( M ) . When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight ( % w / w ) .

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 125 g. Substitute the value of mass of salt and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of CaCl2Solution Mass×100=5.20 g(125+5.20) g×100=5.20 g130.2 g×100=3.99 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate number of moles of solutes is given below as,

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of solute

Rearrange the above equation for mass of solute as follows.

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of soluteMass of solute=Moles of solute×Molar mass of solute

The molar mass of KBr can be calculated as follows.

KBr=(1×K)+(1×Br)=(1×39.0983)+(79.904×1)=119.002 g/mol

Substitute the values in the above equation as follows.

Mass of KBr=Moles of KBr×Molar mass of KBr=0.200 mol×119.002 g/mol=23.8 g

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 200. g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of KBrSolution Mass×100=23.8 g(200+23.8)g×100=23.8 g223.8 g×100=10.63 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 250 g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100=50.0 g(250+50) g×100=50 g300 g×100=16.67 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100 …(1)

The formula to calculate density is given below as,

d=mV

Where,

• m is the mass of the substance.

• V is the volume of the substance.

• d is the density of the substance.

The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=0.789 g/mL×10.0 mL=7.89 g

The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=1.11 g/mL×10.0 mL=11.1 g

Substitute the value of mass of ethyl alcohol and mass of solution in the equation (1) as follows.

%(w/w)= Mass of ethyl alcoholSolution Mass×100=7.89 g(11.1 g+7.89) g×100=7.89 g18.99 g×100=41.55 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

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What spectral features allow you to differentiate the product from the starting material? Use four separate paragraphs for each set of comparisons. You should have one paragraph each devoted to MS, HNMR, CNMR and IR. 2) For MS, the differing masses of molecular ions are a popular starting point. Including a unique fragmentation is important, too. 3) For HNMR, CNMR and IR state the peaks that are different and what makes them different (usually the presence or absence of certain groups). See if you can find two differences (in each set of IR, HNMR and CNMR spectra) due to the presence or absence of a functional group. Include peak locations. Alternatively, you can state a shift of a peak due to a change near a given functional group. Including peak locations for shifted peaks, as well as what these peaks are due to. Ideally, your focus should be on not just identifying the differences but explaining them in terms of functional group changes.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 125 g. Substitute the value of mass of salt and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of CaCl2Solution Mass×100=5.20 g(125+5.20) g×100=5.20 g130.2 g×100=3.99 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate number of moles of solutes is given below as,

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of solute

Rearrange the above equation for mass of solute as follows.

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of soluteMass of solute=Moles of solute×Molar mass of solute

The molar mass of KBr can be calculated as follows.

KBr=(1×K)+(1×Br)=(1×39.0983)+(79.904×1)=119.002 g/mol

Substitute the values in the above equation as follows.

Mass of KBr=Moles of KBr×Molar mass of KBr=0.200 mol×119.002 g/mol=23.8 g

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 200. g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of KBrSolution Mass×100=23.8 g(200+23.8)g×100=23.8 g223.8 g×100=10.63 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 250 g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100=50.0 g(250+50) g×100=50 g300 g×100=16.67 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100 …(1)

The formula to calculate density is given below as,

d=mV

Where,

• m is the mass of the substance.

• V is the volume of the substance.

• d is the density of the substance.

The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=0.789 g/mL×10.0 mL=7.89 g

The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=1.11 g/mL×10.0 mL=11.1 g

Substitute the value of mass of ethyl alcohol and mass of solution in the equation (1) as follows.

%(w/w)= Mass of ethyl alcoholSolution Mass×100=7.89 g(11.1 g+7.89) g×100=7.89 g18.99 g×100=41.55 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 125 g. Substitute the value of mass of salt and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of CaCl2Solution Mass×100=5.20 g(125+5.20) g×100=5.20 g130.2 g×100=3.99 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate number of moles of solutes is given below as,

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of solute

Rearrange the above equation for mass of solute as follows.

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of soluteMass of solute=Moles of solute×Molar mass of solute

The molar mass of KBr can be calculated as follows.

KBr=(1×K)+(1×Br)=(1×39.0983)+(79.904×1)=119.002 g/mol

Substitute the values in the above equation as follows.

Mass of KBr=Moles of KBr×Molar mass of KBr=0.200 mol×119.002 g/mol=23.8 g

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 200. g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of KBrSolution Mass×100=23.8 g(200+23.8)g×100=23.8 g223.8 g×100=10.63 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 250 g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100=50.0 g(250+50) g×100=50 g300 g×100=16.67 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100 …(1)

The formula to calculate density is given below as,

d=mV

Where,

• m is the mass of the substance.

• V is the volume of the substance.

• d is the density of the substance.

The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=0.789 g/mL×10.0 mL=7.89 g

The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=1.11 g/mL×10.0 mL=11.1 g

Substitute the value of mass of ethyl alcohol and mass of solution in the equation (1) as follows.

%(w/w)= Mass of ethyl alcoholSolution Mass×100=7.89 g(11.1 g+7.89) g×100=7.89 g18.99 g×100=41.55 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 125 g. Substitute the value of mass of salt and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of CaCl2Solution Mass×100=5.20 g(125+5.20) g×100=5.20 g130.2 g×100=3.99 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate number of moles of solutes is given below as,

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of solute

Rearrange the above equation for mass of solute as follows.

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of soluteMass of solute=Moles of solute×Molar mass of solute

The molar mass of KBr can be calculated as follows.

KBr=(1×K)+(1×Br)=(1×39.0983)+(79.904×1)=119.002 g/mol

Substitute the values in the above equation as follows.

Mass of KBr=Moles of KBr×Molar mass of KBr=0.200 mol×119.002 g/mol=23.8 g

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 200. g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of KBrSolution Mass×100=23.8 g(200+23.8)g×100=23.8 g223.8 g×100=10.63 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 250 g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100=50.0 g(250+50) g×100=50 g300 g×100=16.67 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100 …(1)

The formula to calculate density is given below as,

d=mV

Where,

• m is the mass of the substance.

• V is the volume of the substance.

• d is the density of the substance.

The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=0.789 g/mL×10.0 mL=7.89 g

The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=1.11 g/mL×10.0 mL=11.1 g

Substitute the value of mass of ethyl alcohol and mass of solution in the equation (1) as follows.

%(w/w)= Mass of ethyl alcoholSolution Mass×100=7.89 g(11.1 g+7.89) g×100=7.89 g18.99 g×100=41.55 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 125 g. Substitute the value of mass of salt and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of CaCl2Solution Mass×100=5.20 g(125+5.20) g×100=5.20 g130.2 g×100=3.99 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate number of moles of solutes is given below as,

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of solute

Rearrange the above equation for mass of solute as follows.

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of soluteMass of solute=Moles of solute×Molar mass of solute

The molar mass of KBr can be calculated as follows.

KBr=(1×K)+(1×Br)=(1×39.0983)+(79.904×1)=119.002 g/mol

Substitute the values in the above equation as follows.

Mass of KBr=Moles of KBr×Molar mass of KBr=0.200 mol×119.002 g/mol=23.8 g

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 200. g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of KBrSolution Mass×100=23.8 g(200+23.8)g×100=23.8 g223.8 g×100=10.63 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 250 g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100=50.0 g(250+50) g×100=50 g300 g×100=16.67 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100 …(1)

The formula to calculate density is given below as,

d=mV

Where,

• m is the mass of the substance.

• V is the volume of the substance.

• d is the density of the substance.

The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=0.789 g/mL×10.0 mL=7.89 g

The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=1.11 g/mL×10.0 mL=11.1 g

Substitute the value of mass of ethyl alcohol and mass of solution in the equation (1) as follows.

%(w/w)= Mass of ethyl alcoholSolution Mass×100=7.89 g(11.1 g+7.89) g×100=7.89 g18.99 g×100=41.55 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 125 g. Substitute the value of mass of salt and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of CaCl2Solution Mass×100=5.20 g(125+5.20) g×100=5.20 g130.2 g×100=3.99 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 125 g. Substitute the value of mass of salt and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of CaCl2Solution Mass×100=5.20 g(125+5.20) g×100=5.20 g130.2 g×100=3.99 %w/w

Answer 13

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 5.20 g of CaCl2 dissolved in 125 mL of water is 3.99 %w/w.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate number of moles of solutes is given below as,

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of solute

Rearrange the above equation for mass of solute as follows.

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of soluteMass of solute=Moles of solute×Molar mass of solute

The molar mass of KBr can be calculated as follows.

KBr=(1×K)+(1×Br)=(1×39.0983)+(79.904×1)=119.002 g/mol

Substitute the values in the above equation as follows.

Mass of KBr=Moles of KBr×Molar mass of KBr=0.200 mol×119.002 g/mol=23.8 g

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 200. g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of KBrSolution Mass×100=23.8 g(200+23.8)g×100=23.8 g223.8 g×100=10.63 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate number of moles of solutes is given below as,

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of solute

Rearrange the above equation for mass of solute as follows.

Moles of solute=Mass of soluteMolar mass of soluteMass of solute=Moles of solute×Molar mass of solute

The molar mass of KBr can be calculated as follows.

KBr=(1×K)+(1×Br)=(1×39.0983)+(79.904×1)=119.002 g/mol

Substitute the values in the above equation as follows.

Mass of KBr=Moles of KBr×Molar mass of KBr=0.200 mol×119.002 g/mol=23.8 g

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 200. g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Mass of KBrSolution Mass×100=23.8 g(200+23.8)g×100=23.8 g223.8 g×100=10.63 %w/w

Answer 21

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 0.200 mol of solid KBr dissolved in 200. mL of water is 10.63 %w/w.

Answer 22

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 250 g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100=50.0 g(250+50) g×100=50 g300 g×100=16.67 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Answer 23

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Thus, the mass of water is equal to its volume. Hence in this case the mass of solution is taken as 250 g. Substitute the value of mass of solute and mass of solution in the above equation as follows.

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100=50.0 g(250+50) g×100=50 g300 g×100=16.67 %w/w

Answer 29

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 50.0 g of solid dissolved in 250. mL of water is 16.67 %w/w.

Answer 30

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100 …(1)

The formula to calculate density is given below as,

d=mV

Where,

• m is the mass of the substance.

• V is the volume of the substance.

• d is the density of the substance.

The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=0.789 g/mL×10.0 mL=7.89 g

The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=1.11 g/mL×10.0 mL=11.1 g

Substitute the value of mass of ethyl alcohol and mass of solution in the equation (1) as follows.

%(w/w)= Mass of ethyl alcoholSolution Mass×100=7.89 g(11.1 g+7.89) g×100=7.89 g18.99 g×100=41.55 %w/w

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

Answer 31

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is prepared by mixing proper amount of solute and solvent. The concentration of solution when measured on the basis of solution volume, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by volume (% w/v), percent volume by volume (% v/v) and molarity (M). When concentration is measured on the basis of mass of solvent, it is expressed in terms of percent weight by weight (% w/w).

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 7.31E

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.

Answer 33

Expert Solution

Answer 34

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate concentration in %(w/w) is given below as,

%(w/w)=Solute MassSolution Mass×100 …(1)

The formula to calculate density is given below as,

d=mV

Where,

• m is the mass of the substance.

• V is the volume of the substance.

• d is the density of the substance.

The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=0.789 g/mL×10.0 mL=7.89 g

The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11 g/mL. Thus, the mass of 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol can be calculated as follows.

d=mVm=d×V=1.11 g/mL×10.0 mL=11.1 g

Substitute the value of mass of ethyl alcohol and mass of solution in the equation (1) as follows.

%(w/w)= Mass of ethyl alcoholSolution Mass×100=7.89 g(11.1 g+7.89) g×100=7.89 g18.99 g×100=41.55 %w/w

Answer 37

Conclusion

The concentration in %(w/w) of 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol (density =0.789 g/mL) mixed with 10.0 mL of ethylene glycol (density =1.11 g/mL) is 41.55 %w/w.