Organic Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402772
Author: Janice G. Smith
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 7.22P
Draw an energy diagram for the reaction in Problem 7.21a. Label the axes, the starting material, the product, and the transition state. Assume the reaction is exothermic. Label ∆H° and Ea.
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Draw an energy diagram for a reaction in which the products are higher in energy than the starting materials and Ea is large. Clearly label all of the following on the diagram: the axes, the starting materials, the products, the transition state, ΔHo, and Ea.
For the gas phase reaction Cl(g) + HBr(g) → HCl(g) + Br(g), Ea(fwd) = 7 kJ and Ea(rev)= 72 kJ. Draw a reaction energy diagram; include a predicted structure for the transition state and the value of ∆Hrxn.
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○ KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM
Drawing the reaction energy diagram of a catalyzed reaction
Sketch a qualitative reaction energy diagram for a chemical reaction with and without a catalyst. Assume the uncatalyzed reaction is exothermic.
Note: Because the sketches are only qualitative, the energies in them don't have to be exact. They only have to have the right relationship to each other. For
example, if one energy is less than another, that fact should be clear in your sketch.
energy
Uncatalyzed reaction
reactants
Ea
reaction coordinate
products
energy
Catalyzed reaction
reactants
Ea
reaction coordinate
0/3
products
Chapter 7 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 7 - Classify each alkyl halide as 1 , 2, or 3.Ch. 7 - Problem 7.1 Telfairine, a naturally occurring...Ch. 7 - Draw the structure of an alkyl bromide with...Ch. 7 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound. a. b. c. d.Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.5PCh. 7 - An sp3 hybridized CCl bond is more polar than an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.7PCh. 7 - Problem 7.6 Identify the nucleophile and leaving...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.9PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.10P
Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.11PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.12PCh. 7 - Does the equilibrium favor the reactants or...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.14PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.15PCh. 7 - Classify each solvent as protic or aprotic. a. b....Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.17PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.18PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.19PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.20PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.21PCh. 7 - Draw an energy diagram for the reaction in Problem...Ch. 7 - Draw the product of each SN2 reaction and indicate...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.24PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.25PCh. 7 - What happens to the rate of an SN1 reaction under...Ch. 7 - Draw the products of each SN1 reaction and...Ch. 7 - Classify each carbocation as 1,2, or 3. a. b. c....Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.29PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.30PCh. 7 - Which alkyl halide in each pair reacts faster in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.32PCh. 7 - Problem 7.30 For each alkyl halide and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.34PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.35PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.36PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.37PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.38PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.39PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.40PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.41PCh. 7 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound, including...Ch. 7 - Draw the products formed when each alkyl halide is...Ch. 7 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound. a. c....Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.45PCh. 7 - Classify each alkyl halide in Problem 7.44 as 1 ,...Ch. 7 - Draw the eight constitutional isomers having the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.48PCh. 7 - Draw the substitution product that results when...Ch. 7 - Draw the products of each nucleophilic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.51PCh. 7 - Rank the species in each group in order of...Ch. 7 - Which of the following nucleophilic substitution...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.54PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.55PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.56PCh. 7 - 7.53 Consider the following reaction.
Draw a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.58PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.59PCh. 7 - Draw the products of each SN2 reaction and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.61PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.62PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.63PCh. 7 - Consider the following SN1 reaction. a.Draw a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.65PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.66PCh. 7 - Draw the products of each SN1 reaction and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.68PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.69PCh. 7 - Diphenhydramine, the antihistamine in Benadryl,...Ch. 7 - Draw a stepwise, detailed mechanism for the...Ch. 7 - When a single compound contains both a nucleophile...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.73PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.74PCh. 7 - Draw a stepwise, detailed mechanism f or the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.76PCh. 7 - Fill in the appropriate reagent or starting...Ch. 7 - Devise a synthesis of each compound from an alkyl...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.79PCh. 7 - Suppose you have compounds A-D at y our disposal....Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.81PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.82PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.83PCh. 7 - Prob. 7.84PCh. 7 - 7.80 As we will learn in Chapter 9, an epoxide is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.86PCh. 7 - In some nucleophilic substitutions under SN1...
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- The addition of HBr to CH2=CH2, an exothermic reaction. Define this ?arrow_forwardDoes a negative ∆H mean that the heat should be treated as a reactant or as a product?arrow_forwardWhich of the following endothermic reactions will always be nonspontaneous? O CH4(g) + CO₂(g) →→2CO(g) + 2H₂(g) Ⓒ2H₂O(g) →→ 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) O2SO3(g) 2SO2(g) + O₂(g) O N₂(g) + 2O2(g) →→→ 2NO₂(g) O CaCO3(s) ) CaO(s) + CO,(g)arrow_forward
- The balanced equations for two reactions are shown. (1) CH4 + N2 + H2 → CH3N + NH3 (2) CH4 + I2 → CH3I + HI Which statement best explains why reaction 1 requires a greater input of energy than reaction 2? The number of reactants in reaction 1 is greater than the number of reactants in reaction 2. The number of bonds in the reactants in reaction 1 is greater than the number of bonds in the reactants in reaction 2. The bond energy of the products in reaction 1 is less than the bond energy of the products in reaction 2 The bond energy of the reactants in reaction 1 is greater than the bond energy of the reactants in reaction 2.arrow_forwardDraw a reaction coordinate (energy) diagram for the exothermic decomposition of H2O2. Show how reaction coordinate diagram changes with the addition of a catalyst. Clearly label the reactants and products for each process in the diagram.arrow_forwardAccording to this reaction energy diagram, the value of the change in energy is. Potential energy (kJ/mol) A ヨ ԱՄ B D C Reaction progress positive negative greater than the energy of the reactants greater than the transition state energyarrow_forward
- Aqua regia, a mixture of HCl and HNO₃, has been used since alchemical times to dissolve many metals, including gold.Its orange color is due to the presence of nitrosyl chloride. Con-sider this one-step reaction for the formation of this compound:NO(g)+Cl₂(g) →NOCl(g)+Cl(g) ΔH°=83 kJ (a) Draw a reaction energy diagram, given Ea(fwd)is 86 kJ/mol.(b) Calculate Ea(rev).(c) Sketch a possible transition state for the reaction.arrow_forwardIf the reactants have a potential energy of 35 kJ and the products have an energy of 14 kJ, then what is the value for ΔH?arrow_forward1arrow_forward
- The single-step reaction,NO2Cl(g) + NO(g) -----> NO2(g) + ONCl(g) is reversible;Ea,forward = 28.9 kJ/mol and Ea,reverse = 41.8 kJ/mol. Draw a potential energy diagram for the reaction. Indicate Ea,forward, Ea,reverse , transition state and ΔH on the diagram.arrow_forward???arrow_forwardThe chemical reaction shown is exothermic. CH4 + N2 + H2 → CH3N + NH3 Which statement about the reaction is correct? The total chemical potential energy of the reactants is greater than the total chemical potential energy of the products. More chemical potential energy is stored in the bonds of CH4 than in the bonds of CH3N. Each reactant has more chemical potential energy than each product. It takes more energy to form C–H bonds in the reactants than is released from C–H bonds in the products.arrow_forward
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