
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The ground-state electronic configuration of the given ions is to be written.
Concept introduction:
Elements that lose electrons are called cations. They have a lesser number of electrons than that of their neutral states.
Elements that gain electrons are called anions. They have a greater number of electrons than that of their neutral states.

Answer to Problem 58QP
Solution:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
Explanation of Solution
a)Ion
The neutral state of lithium is
than its neutral state, and hence, electronic configuration of
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
b)Ion
Hydrogen in its neutral state has only one electron (
Its ground-state electronic configuration is
c)Ion
The neutral state electron-arrangement of nitrogen is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
d)Ion
The neutral state electronic configuration of fluorine (
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
e)Ion
The neutral state electron-arrangement of sulphur is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
f)Ion
The neutral state of aluminium is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
g)Ion
The ground state electron-arrangement of selenium is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
h) Ion
The ground state electron-arrangement of bromine is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
i) Ion
The neutral state of rubidium is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
j)Ion
The neutral state of strontium is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
k) Ion
The neutral state of stannous is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
l)Ion
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
m)Ion
The neutral state of barium is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
n)Ion
The neutral state of lead is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
o)Ion
The neutral state of indium is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
p)Ion
The neutral state of thallium is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
q)Ion
The neutral state of thallium is
So, its ground-state electronic configuration is
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