Chapter 7, Problem 22QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The term “effective nuclear charge” is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The actual or the net charge experienced by the valence shell electrons by the nucleus protons is known as “effective nuclear charge.”

Due to the decrease in the radii of the elements across a period, the effective nuclear charge also increases.

Down the group, effective nuclear charge tends to decrease.

It is more difficult to remove a paired core electron (electron from the inner shells) rather than an unpaired valence electron due to the effective nuclear charge.