Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580350
Author: William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6.2, Problem 6.1P
Using the
CH2=CH2 + HCl → CH3CH2Cl
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The reaction that was on the screen when you started and its derivative demonstrate that the reaction enthalpy, ΔH, changes sign when a process is reversed.
Consider the reaction
H2O(l)→H2O(g), ΔH =44.0kJ
What will ΔH be for the reaction if it is reversed?
It is interesting to compare the “fuel value” of a hydrocarbonin a hypothetical world where oxygen is not thecombustion agent. The enthalpy of formation of CF4(g) is-679.9 kJ/mol. Which of the following two reactions is themore exothermic?CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) ----->CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)CH4(g) + 4 F2(g) ------> CF4(g) + 4 HF(g)
Consider these reactions:
Reaction 1:
H2(g) + Cl2(g)
2HCI(g) AH = –184.6 kJ
Reaction 2:
20F2(g)
O2(8) + 2 F2(g) AH:
-49.4 kJ
Reaction 3:
N2(8) + 202(8) -
2NO2(g)
ΔΗ+66.4 kJ
Chapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 6.2 - Using the BDE values from Appendix 3, calculate...Ch. 6.3 - Name and draw a structural formula for the product...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 6.3PCh. 6.3 - Propose a mechanism for the addition of HI to...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 6.5PCh. 6.3 - Propose a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 6.3 - The acid-catalyzed hydration of...Ch. 6.3 - Complete these reactions. (a) (b)Ch. 6.3 - Draw the structure of the chlorohydrin formed by...Ch. 6.4 - Draw structural formulas for the alkene that gives...
Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 6.11PCh. 6.5 - Prob. 6.12PCh. 6.5 - What alkene with the molecular formula C6H12, when...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.15PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.16PCh. 6 - Predict the organic product(s) of the reaction of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.18PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.20PCh. 6 - Draw a structural formula for an alkene with the...Ch. 6 - Account for the fact that addition of HCl to...Ch. 6 - Account for the fact that treating propenoic acid...Ch. 6 - Draw a structural formula for the alkene with the...Ch. 6 - Draw the alternative chair conformations for the...Ch. 6 - Draw a structural formula for the cycloalkene with...Ch. 6 - Reaction of this bicycloalkene with bromine in...Ch. 6 - Terpin, prepared commercially by the...Ch. 6 - Propose a mechanism for this reaction and account...Ch. 6 - Treating 2-methylpropene with methanol in the...Ch. 6 - When 2-pentene is treated with Cl2 in methanol,...Ch. 6 - Treating cyclohexene with HBr in the presence of...Ch. 6 - Propose a mechanism for this reaction. 1-Pentane...Ch. 6 - Treating 4-penten-1-ol with bromine in water forms...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.35PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.36PCh. 6 - Reaction of -pinene with borane followed by...Ch. 6 - Write structural formulas for the major organic...Ch. 6 - Draw the structural formula of the alkene that...Ch. 6 - Consider the following reaction. (a) Draw a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.42PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.43PCh. 6 - Show how to convert ethylene to these compounds....Ch. 6 - Show how to convert cyclopentene into these...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.46PCh. 6 - Describe the stereochemistry of the bromohydrin...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.49PCh. 6 - Treating 1,3-butadiene with 1 mole of HBr gives a...Ch. 6 - In this chapter, we studied the mechanism of the...Ch. 6 - As we have seen in this chapter, carbon-carbon...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.53PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.54P
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- When lightning strikes, the energy can force atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen to react to make NO: N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g)H=+181.8kJ (a) Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? (b) What quantities of reactants and products are assumed if H = +181.8 kJ? (c) What is the enthalpy change when 3.50 g nitrogen is reacted with excess O2(g)?arrow_forwardThe thermochemical equation for the burning of methane, the main component of natural gas, is CH4(g)+2O2(g)CO2(g)+2H2O(l)H=890kJ (a) Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? (b) What quantities of reactants and products are assumed if H = 890 kJ? (c) What is the enthalpy change when 1.00 g methane burns in an excess of oxygen?arrow_forwardThe equation for the fermentation of glucose to alcohol and carbon dioxide is: C6H12O6(aq) 2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g) The enthalpy change for the reaction is 67 kJ. Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic? Is energy, in the form of heat, absorbed or evolved as the reaction occurs?arrow_forward
- A rebreathing gas mask contains potassium superoxide, KO2, which reacts with moisture in the breath to give oxygen. 4KO2(s)+2H2O(l)4KOH(s)+3O2(g) Estimate the grams of potassium superoxide required to supply a persons oxygen needs for one hour. Assume a person requires 1.00 102 kcal of energy for this time period. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 1.00 102 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of oxygen consumed and hence the amount of KO2 required. The ff0 for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardCalculate the enthalpy change when 1.0(1 g of methane is burned in excess oxygen according to the reaction CH,(g) 4- 2O2(g) ->CO2(g) + H-CH/) 1H = -891 kJ/molarrow_forwardWe burn 3.47 g lithium in excess oxygen at constant atmospheric pressure to form Li2O. Then, we bring the reaction mixture back to 25 C. In this process 146 kJ of heat is given off. Calculate the standard formation enthalpy of Li2O.arrow_forward
- Ethanol, C₂H6 O, is most often blended with gasoline - usually as a 10 percent mix - to create a fuel called gasohol. Ethanol is a renewable resource and ethanol-blended fuels, like gasohol, appear to burn more efficiently in combustion engines. The combustion of one mole of ethanol releases 326.7 kcal of energy. The combustion of one mole of octane, C8 H18, releases 1.308 × 10³ kcal of energy. How much energy is released during the complete combustion of 460. grams of octane? kcal Assuming the same efficiency, would 460. grams of ethanol provide more, less, or the same amount of energy as 460. grams of octane? D more less the same amount Retry Entire Group 8 more group attempts remainingarrow_forwardFor each of the following reactions, draw the enthalpy diagram showing the relative energy state of reactants and products. i). SO2 (g) → S(s)+ O2 (g) ΔH = +296 kJ ii). 2 C2H2 (g) + 5 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH = -2598.8 kJarrow_forwardMatch the reaction coordinate diagrams below with the following statements:◦ The reaction causes the surrounding temperature to DECREASE.◦ The reaction causes the surrounding temperature to INCREASE.arrow_forward
- Consider the following thermochemical equations (Note: HA is a weak acid)H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l) ΔH1HA(aq) → H+(aq) + A-(aq) ΔH2HA(aq) + OH-(aq) → A-(aq) + H2O(l) ΔH3Choose the equation that shows the correct relationship between their enthalpy changes.arrow_forwardConsider the following thermochemical equations (Note: HA is a weak acid)H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l) ΔH1HA(aq) → H+(aq) + A-(aq) ΔH2HA(aq) + OH-(aq) → A-(aq) + H2O(l) ΔH3Choose the equation that shows the correct relationship between their enthalpy changes. A.) ΔH1 = ΔH3 - ΔH2 B.) ΔH2 = ΔH1 + ΔH3 C.) ΔH3 = ΔH1 - ΔH2arrow_forwardConsider the following thermochemical equations (Note: HA is a weak acid)H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l) ΔH1HA(aq) → H+(aq) + A-(aq) ΔH2HA(aq) + OH-(aq) → A-(aq) + H2O(l) ΔH3Choose the equation that shows the correct relationship between their enthalpy changes. A.) ΔH1 = ΔH3 - ΔH2 B.) ΔH2 = ΔH1 + ΔH3arrow_forward
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