Chapter 6, Problem 63E

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Effect of shift in equilibrium as ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ is added in below reaction is to be determined.

  $2\text{HI}\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{I}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that on addition of reactant or product in reaction shifts the equilibrium away from the added substance. Whereas on removal of reactant or product in reaction shifts the equilibrium towards removed substance.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Effect of shift in equilibrium as ${\text{I}}_{\text{2}}$ is removed from below reaction is to be determined.

  $2\text{HI}\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{I}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that on addition of reactant or product in reaction shifts the equilibrium away from the added substance. Whereas on removal of reactant or product in reaction shifts the equilibrium towards removed substance.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Effect of shift in equilibrium as $\text{HI}$ is removed from below reaction is to be determined.

  $2\text{HI}\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{I}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that on addition of reactant or product in reaction shifts the equilibrium away from the added substance. Whereas on removal of reactant or product in reaction shifts the equilibrium towards removed substance.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Effect of equilibrium as argon gas is added in below reaction is to be determined.

  $2\text{HI}\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{I}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change.

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Effect of shift in equilibrium as volume of container is doubled in below reaction is to be determined.

  $2\text{HI}\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{I}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that with increase in pressure of container its volume decreases. Increase in volume shifts equilibrium in that direction that increases the overall volume. Decrease in volumes shifts equilibrium in that direction that has les number of moles.

f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Effect of shift in equilibrium as temperature of exothermic reaction is decreased in below reaction is to be determined.

  $2\text{HI}\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{I}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that for an endothermic reaction increase in temperature tends to shift equilibrium in forward direction and for exothermic reaction it shifts in backward direction.