(a) Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C − H bond is to be drawn. Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond. Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Describe each highlighted bond in terms of the overlap of atomic orbitals. (a) Н Н H H [References] HIC H H C H H-C-CC-N: H σ character n character (b) HIC H H H H-C-C-C HIC H Н H O-H σ character n character Submit Answer Try Another Version 3 item attempts remaining

11 Naming and drawing alcohols Write the systematic (IUPAC) name for each of the following organic molecules: structure OH HO OH Explanation Check name ☐

what is the drawn mechanism for diethyl carbonate and 4 - bromo - N, N -dimethylaniline to create crystal violet?

Answer 2

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 6.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 6.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 6.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 15

Ch. 6 - Problem 6.1 Classify each transformation as...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.2P Ch. 6 - Problem 6.3 By taking into account...Ch. 6 - Problem 6.4 Use curved arrows to show the movement...Ch. 6 - Problem 6.5 Follow the curved arrows and draw the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.6P Ch. 6 - Problem 6.7 Use the values in Table 6.2 to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.8P Ch. 6 - aWhich Keq corresponds to a negative value of G,...Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occurs due to the heterolysis process.

Concept explainers

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 6 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occurs due to the heterolysis process.

Concept explainers

(b) Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted. Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 6 Solutions

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.