Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The curved arrows are to be used to show the conversion of A and B to C.
Concept introduction: The Diels-Alder reactions are the
Curved arrows aid in determining the movement and flow of electrons in the reaction. The electrons that take part in the chemical reactions are shown by the curved arrows. An electronegative element in the reaction attracts electron toward it.
Half headed arrows are used to show the flow of single electrons, while the full headed arrow shows the movement of electron pairs.
(b)
Interpretation: The bonds that are broken and formed in the given reaction are to be identified.
Concept introduction: The bonds in the reactions are broken to form the new compounds. During the formation of products, new bonds are formed. The sum of bonds broken and bonds formed in the reactions are used to calculate the enthalpy change in the reaction.
(c)
Interpretation: The reaction is endothermic or exothermic is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which energy is released during the formation of products is known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by
(d)
Interpretation: Entropy favors the reactants or products are to be identified.
Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy is represented by
The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction. The change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance, whereas the change in entropy describes the randomness in the system.
(e)
Interpretation: The Diels-Alder reaction is to be classified as a substitution, elimination, or addition reaction.
Concept introduction: The substitution reactions involve the substitution or replacement of an atom or group of atoms in a compound by anotheratom or groups of atoms. In the substitution reactions, the replacement takes place by the break down of sigma bonds.
In elimination reaction, the formation of
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Package: Loose Leaf for Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics with Connect Access Card
- Why does bromination reactions occur only on more stable radicals? O a. Br₂ is less reactive than Cl₂. O b. Br₂ is more reactive than Cl₂. O c. Br₂ is less selective than Cl₂. O d. Both a and c.arrow_forward14. Choose the reagents needed to create an alkene with a double bond between C3 and C4. a. Conc. H2SO4 OH b. 1) BH3 THF; 2) H2O2, NaOH c. HBr, ROOR d. HBrarrow_forwardDraw the products of each combustion reaction.arrow_forward
- 7) You want to synthesize 3-methyl-2-pentene from 2-chloro-3-methylpentane. Which reagent would you use? a. HCI, heat b. NH:(aq), 25°C c. CH:CO2NA, CH:CO2H, heat d. CH3CH2ONA, CH3CH2OH, heat e. CН:CH2ОН, heatarrow_forward6. What is the product? CH3 осно A. C. A and B A. A B. B C. C CH3 B. DBN CH₂arrow_forwardWhat is the major product of the following reaction? A. B. NO₂ NO₂ NO₂ CH3CI, AICI3 C. D. NO₂ NO₂arrow_forward
- As we will learn in Section 15.12, many antioxidants-compounds that prevent unwanted radical oxidation reactions from occurring-are phenols, compounds that contain an OH group bonded directly to a benzene ring. a. Explain why homolysis of the O-H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O-H bond in ethanol (362 kJ/mol vs. 438 kJ/mol). b. Why is the C-O bond in phenol shorter than the C-O bond in ethanol? -O-H CH,CH2-0-H phenol ethanolarrow_forwardDraw the products of each reaction. Assume excess halogen is present.arrow_forward1. What type of mechanism step is shown below? OH₂ + H₂O a. Nucleophilic addition c. Electrophile elimination b. Electrophilic addition d. Nucleophile elimination 2. What type of mechanism step is shown below? a. Nucleophilic addition c. Electrophile elimination b. Electrophilic addition d. Nucleophile elimination 3. What type of mechanism step is shown below? H-CI CI a. Nucleophilic addition c. Electrophile elimination b. Electrophilic addition d. Nucleophile elimination 4. What type of mechanism step is shown below? I a. Nucleophilic addition c. Electrophile elimination b. Electrophilic addition d. Nucleophile eliminationarrow_forward
- Draw the structure of a dihalide that could be used to prepare each alkyne. There may be more than one possible dihalide. CH3 b. CH₂-C-C=CH CH₂ a. CH₂C=CCH₂ C. -C=C-arrow_forwardDetermine which reactions would occur (substitution, elimination, both, or neither). CH;CH,OH a. SN1 O b. E1 C. SN1 & E1 O d. SN2 е. Е2 O f. SN2 & E2 g. No reactionarrow_forwardFf.140.arrow_forward