Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 57RE
RECALL Why does the apparent
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From the reaction data below, determine whether the reaction is first order or second order and calculate the rate constant.
Time (s)
0
Reactant (mM)
5.4
1
4.6
2
3.9
3
3.2
4
2.7
5
2.3
Only a plot of In[reactant] versus t gives a straight line, so the reaction is
first order
. The negative of the slope, k, is
0.171
Hair grows at a rate of about 20 cm/yr. All this growth is concentrated at the base of the hair fiber, where a-keratin filaments are
synthesized inside living epidermal cells and assembled into ropelike structures.
Two-chan
14
Protofilament
20-30 A
Two-chain
Intermediate
flament
-Protob
Protofilament
Cross section of a hair
The fundamental structural element of a keratin is the a helix, which has 3.6 amino acid residues per turn and a rise of 5.4 A
perlum.
54A
(36)
Amino terminus
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
group
Carboxyl terminus
Assuming that the biosynthesis of a helical keratin chains is the rate-limiting factor in the growth of hair, calculate the rate at
which peptide bonds of a-keratin chains must be synthesized (peptide bonds per second) to account for the observed yearly
growth of hair.
0422
rate of peptide bond formation:
Income
bonds/s
Specific rotation is a measure of a solution's capacity to rotate circularly polarized light. The unfolding of the a helix of a
polypeptide to a random conformation is accompanied by a large decrease in specific rotation.
Polyglutamate, a polypeptide made up of only 1-Glu residues, has the a helix conformation at pH 3. When researchers raise the
pH to 7, there is a large decrease in the specific rotation of the solution. Similarly, polylysine (1.-Lys residues) is an a helix at pH
10, but when researchers lower the pH to 7 the specific rotation also decreases, as shown in the graph.
a Helix
Specific rotation
Poly(Glu)
a Helix
Random
conformation
Poly(Lys)
Random conformation
T
+
°
2
4
6 В
10 12 14
PH
Complete the statements about the molecular mechanism for these changes in specific rotation.
Increasing the pH of a polyglutamate solution from 6 to 7 causes the carboxyl group of each glutamate residue
Comed Artwer
lose a proton. The negatively charged groups in each glutamate residue…
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 6 - RECALL How does the catalytic effectiveness of...Ch. 6 - RECALL Are all enzymes proteins?Ch. 6 - MATHEMATICAL Catalase breaks down hydrogen...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Give two reasons why enzyme...Ch. 6 - RECALL For the reaction of glucose with oxygen to...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would nature rely on the same...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason why heating a...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY A model is proposed to explain...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Does the presence of a catalyst...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY What effect does a catalyst have...
Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY An enzyme catalyzes the...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Can the presence of a catalyst...Ch. 6 - RECALL For the hypothetical reaction 3A+2B2C+3D...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would you use a pH meter to...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason for carrying...Ch. 6 - RECALL Distinguish between the lock-and-key and...Ch. 6 - RECALL Using an energy diagram, show why the...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Other things being equal, what...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Amino acids that are far apart...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY If only a few of the amino acid...Ch. 6 - RECALL Show graphically how the reaction velocity...Ch. 6 - RECALL Define steady state, and comment on the...Ch. 6 - RECALL How is the turnover number of an enzyme...Ch. 6 - MATHEMATICAL For an enzyme that displays...Ch. 6 - MATHEMATICAL Determine the values of KM and Vmax...Ch. 6 - MATHEMATICAL The kinetic data in the following...Ch. 6 - MATHEMATICAL The enzyme -methylaspartase catalyzes...Ch. 6 - MATHEMATICAL The hydrolysis of a...Ch. 6 - MATHEMATICAL For the Vmax obtained in Question 26,...Ch. 6 - MATHEMATICAL You do an enzyme kinetic experiment...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY The enzyme D-amino acid oxidase...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it useful to plot rate...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Under what conditions can we...Ch. 6 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS Why does acetazolamide...Ch. 6 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS How did scientists...Ch. 6 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS How do the KM values for...Ch. 6 - Prob. 38RECh. 6 - RECALL What are the three most common mechanisms...Ch. 6 - RECALL What is the biggest difference between a...Ch. 6 - RECALL How do scientists determine the KM of a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 42RECh. 6 - Prob. 43RECh. 6 - RECALL Do all enzymes display kinetics that obey...Ch. 6 - RECALL How can you recognize an enzyme that does...Ch. 6 - RECALL If we describe an enzyme like aspartate...Ch. 6 - RECALL How can competitive and pure noncompetitive...Ch. 6 - RECALL Why does a competitive inhibitor not change...Ch. 6 - RECALL Why does a pure noncompetitive inhibitor...Ch. 6 - RECALL Distinguish between the molecular...Ch. 6 - RECALL Can enzyme inhibition be reversed in all...Ch. 6 - RECALL Why is a Lineweaver-Burk plot useful in...Ch. 6 - RECALL Where do lines intersect on a...Ch. 6 - RECALL What is the difference between pure and...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why can we say that having a...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY When we compare the binding of I...Ch. 6 - RECALL Why does the apparent KM decrease in the...Ch. 6 - RECALL What is a suicide substrate? Why are they...Ch. 6 - RECALL If we made a Lineweaver-Burk plot of an...Ch. 6 - Prob. 60RECh. 6 - MATHEMATICAL For the following aspartase reaction...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Is it good (or bad) that enzymes...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Noncompetitive inhibition is a...Ch. 6 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS You have been hired by a...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would you expect an irreversible...Ch. 6 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would you expect the structure...Ch. 6 - Prob. 67RECh. 6 - Prob. 68RE
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