Chapter 6, Problem 41P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The major organic product that would result from reaction should be identified.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of major organic product that would result from below reaction of should be written.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of major organic product that would result from reaction of should be written.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of major organic product that would result from below reaction of should be written.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Product that would result from bimolecular substitution reaction should be written.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of major organic product that would result from reaction of should be written.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows: