Chapter 6, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The major organic product that would result from reaction of iodomethane with soda amide along with the nucleophile, nucleophilic atom the electrophilic atom in the substrate molecule, and leaving group should be identified.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of major organic product that would result from reaction of should be written and nucleophile, nucleophilic atom the electrophilic atom in the substrate molecule, and leaving group should be identified.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of major organic product that would result from reaction of should be written and nucleophile, nucleophilic atom the electrophilic atom in the substrate molecule, and leaving group should be identified.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of major organic product that would result from reaction of should be written and nucleophile, nucleophilic atom the electrophilic atom in the substrate molecule, and leaving group should be identified.

  

Concept introduction: Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of major organic product that would result from reaction of should be written and nucleophile, nucleophilic atom the electrophilic atom in the substrate molecule, and leaving group should be identified.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows:

  

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of major organic product that would result from reaction of should be written and nucleophile, nucleophilic atom the electrophilic atom in the substrate molecule, and leaving group should be identified.

  

Concept introduction: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactions are facile when the leaving group is good, nucleophile is sufficiently reactive and alkyl halide is a primary alkyl halide.

Leaving-group ability is determined by the capacity of leaving group to accommodate the negative charge as it is displaced from the alkyl halide. Among halogens, the iodides are best-leaving groups followed by bromide chloride and fluoride. Besides halides, some sulphonates and sulphate that can easily delocalize the negative charge can also behave as good leaving group. These include tosylate, mesylate and triflate.

In general, the weak conjugate bases that are derived from strong acids are also good leaving groups. The table for leaving groups on the basis of strength of bases is as follows: