Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 51, Problem 2TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Altruism is an unselfish behavior that increases the fitness of other animals on the cost of fitness of the altruist. In other words, it is a behavior in which an animal helps other animals without getting any benefits. It can be seen in many animals such as honey bees, ground squirrels, mole rats and others.
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Q1:Communication occurs when
A)
the stimulus-response reaction is altered.
B)
information flows in both directions.
C)
information is shared.
D)
an action by one individual alters the behavior of another.
Q2. Bateman's principle states that,
A)
heritability of male traits is higher than for female traits.
females experience greater variation in reproductive
success than males.
male and female reproductive success must be equal.
males experience greater variation in reproductive success
than females
Evolutionary biology
What are 4 conditions in which natural selection favors altruistic behaviors in which the individual performs costly actions to benefit others?
Which of the following is true of innate behaviors that are described as instincts? A. Instincts aren’t governed by genetics, while innate behaviors are, B. Instincts are governed by genetics, while innate behaviors are not, C. Instincts are sudden, situational behaviors, D. Instincts are complex series of innate behaviors
Chapter 51 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 51.1 - If an egg rolls out of the nest, a mother greylag...Ch. 51.1 - WHAT IF? Suppose you exposed various fish species...Ch. 51.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is the lunar-linked rhythm...Ch. 51.2 - How might associative learning explain why...Ch. 51.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 51.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 51.3 - Why does the mode of fertilization correlate with...Ch. 51.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Balancing selection can maintain...Ch. 51.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose an infection in a common...Ch. 51.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 51.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 51.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 51 - How is migration based on circannual rhythms...Ch. 51 - Prob. 51.2CRCh. 51 - In some spider species, the female eats the male...Ch. 51 - Prob. 51.4CRCh. 51 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 51 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 51 - Female spotted sandpipers aggressively court males...Ch. 51 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 51 - Although many chimpanzees live in environments...Ch. 51 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 51 - Level 3: Synthesis/Evaluation 7. DRAW IT You are...Ch. 51 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION We often explain our behavior...Ch. 51 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Scientists studying scrub jays...Ch. 51 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Researchers are...Ch. 51 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION Learning is...Ch. 51 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Acorn woodpeckers...
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- Which research question does not refer to proximate causes of behavior? a.) How do rhesus macaques find their food? b.) how do pigeons that are experimentally displaced find their way back to their home loft? c.) How does dispersal affect the survival of Belding's ground squirrels? d.) Do mother goats learn the odor of their offspring? e.) How do hummingbirds “know” when it is time to return to their overwintering grounds?arrow_forwardIdentify whether each of the following scenarios is an example of intersexual or intrasexual selection (. a) Male bison fight each other for access to females L Select ] b) Female Birds of Paradise visit many different males to decide which male has the best dance [ Select ] c) Female jacanas defend their mates from other females [Select ] d) Male seahorses prefer to mate with larger females [ Select ] e) Female cicadas prefer males who provide the largest spermatophores [ Select ]arrow_forwardYou see a ground squirrel on a prairie in the early spring. You note that he can run quickly and has large ears and a strong nose. You suspect he gets mates through (A) Inter-sexual selection mechanisms B) Combat Natural selection (D) Scramble competition (E) while he's not much too look at, he has a really great personalityarrow_forward
- Intrasexual selection involves competition among one sex (typically males) for mating access to the other sex. Intersexual selection involves mate choice in which individuals from one sex (typically females) choose their mates from among individuals of the other sex. Imagine a group of males that is engaged in agonistic behavior, from which Male A emerges triumphant. Now imagine a female that is assessing all of the males that were involved in the fights, and chooses Male A. Explain why this situation shows how intrasexual and intersexual selection pressures are likely both at play in the trait selection.arrow_forwardHow can behaviors be adaptive? Provide an example that includes support from the five tenants of evolution by natural selection: 1) overproduction of offspring, 2) variation in the population, 3) competition for resources, 4) adaptive advantage for some, and 5) reproduction for those who survivearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not required for a behavioral trait toevolve by natural selection?(A) In each individual, the form of the behavior is determinedentirely by genes.(B) The behavior varies among individuals.(C) An individual’s reproductive success depends in part onhow the behavior is performed.(D) Some component of the behavior is genetically inherited.arrow_forward
- |(A) A well trained alien biologist visiting earth would be able to tell that the mating system of gorillas is strongly polygynous and that of man's weakly polygynous. How could he/she/it tell this just by looking at gorillas and humans? (B) Is harem polygyny an ESS or have "cheater" behaviors evolved to exploit or exist within these systems? (C) If your answer was yes then describe a cheater behavior within a polygynous system.arrow_forwardWhich of the following examples describe an adaptive trait? (Select all that apply.) (a) A rainforest tree that is vulnerable to storm damage. (b) A male bird that is more successful than others at attracting a female mate. (c) A rabbit that is better camouflaged in its environment. (d) A desert plant that is able to survive drought. (e) A frog that is more noticeable to predators.arrow_forwardDefine natural selection using the 5 points below to explain its role in understanding primate behavior. (1) there is variation among individuals; (2) some of that variation is heritable; (3) there is always competition between individuals for resources; (4) some variants outcompete other variants and leave more offspring; (5) to the extent that the parent's traits are heritable, then a larger portion of the next generation will reflect those traits.arrow_forward
- Animals have evolved a range of strategies to successfully respond to threats and challenges. One of these strategies is the ability to learn. As we discussed, not every animal can learn and there are clear costs and benefits to this strategy. Suggest one benefit of the ability to learn and one potential cost. Briefly explain each. (1-2 sentences for each) Since learning is not universal, under which circumstances would it be most likely be a successful strategy? We discussed a framework that examines the influence of predictability on the success of learning ability. Describe this framework. Make sure you discuss all the available conditions and clearly state under which we would expect learning to be successful and where we would not expect it to be successful. What would be an alternative strategy to regulate behaviour when learning is not suitable? Briefly explain your choice. (2-3 sentences)arrow_forwardUsing the concept of inclusive fitness (and kin selection), explain how altruistic behavior (e.g. where an individual protects for another, even at their own expense) can evolve by natural selection? Make sure to explain what inclusive fitness is. (remember the concentric circles on the slide)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes findings from the study of siblings and the effects of birth order? A Robust effects have not been found for sibling differences based solely on birth order. Research indicates that intelligence becomes diluted with more children in the family. C) Undeniable data reveal that available resources account for different child outcomes. D Evolutionary pressures to survive account for similarity in firstborns and later-borns.arrow_forward
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