Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577190
Author: Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Chapter 5, Problem 7Q
In fractional distillation, liquid can be seen running from the bottom of the distillation column back into the distilling flask. What effect does this returning condensate have on the fractional distillation?
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A 10.00 mL sample of ethanol is added to 250.0 mL of water in order to observe the freezing point depression of the water. Consider the possible errors in this experiment, and determine whether each would cause the freezing point of the water to increase, decrease, or remain the same compared with the expected results.
It is discovered that the 10.00 g ethanol sample is actually 95% ethanol and 5% water.
The ethanol sample is left out for several minutes before being added to the water, allowing a significant amount to evaporate.
Instead of starting the experiment with room temperature water, the experiment is started with cold water.
Some of the water is splashed out of the container before the ethanol is added.
Some of the ethanol and water solution is spilled out of the container during temperature measurement.
A solution of 5.00 g acetic acid in 100 g benzene freezes at 3.38C. A solution of 5.00 g acetic acid in 100 g water freezes at -1.49C. Find the molecular weight of acetic acid from each of these data. What can you conclude about the state of the acetic acid molecules dissolved in each of these solvents?
A chemistry student adds a quantity of an unknown solid compound X to 2.00 L of distilled water at 30.° C. After 10 minutes of stirring, only a little X has
dissolved. The student then drains off the solution and evaporates the water under vacuum. A precipitate is left behind. The student washes, dries and weighs
the precipitate. It weighs 0.052 kg.
Using only the information above, can you calculate
the solubility of X in water at 30.° C ?
If you said yes, calculate it.
Be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the right
number of significant digits.
O yes
O no
0
0x10
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Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments
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- Fluoridation of city water supplies has been practiced in the United States for several decades. It is done by continuously adding sodium fluoride to water as it comes from a reservoir. Assume you live in a medium-sized city of 150,000 people and that 660 L (170 gal) of water is used per person per day. What mass of sodium fluoride (in kilograms) must be added to the water supply each year (365 days) to have the required fluoride concentration of 1 ppm (part per million)that is, 1 kilogram of fluoride per 1 million kilograms of water? (Sodium fluoride is 45.0% fluoride, and water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3.)arrow_forwardSome lithium chloride, LiCl, is dissolved in 100 mL of water in one beaker, and some Li2SO4 is dissolved in 100 mL of water in another beaker. Both are at 10 C, and both are saturated solutions; some solid remains undissolved in each beaker. Describe what you would observe as the temperature is raised. The following data are available to you from a handbook of chemistry:arrow_forwardEvery pure substance has a definite and fixed set of physical and chemical properties. A solution is prepared by dissolving one pure substance in another. Is it reasonable to expect that the solution will also have a definite and fixed set of properties that are different from the properties of either component? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
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- Match the term with the related statement, A mixture with particles that settle out if undisturbed. The visible erratic motion of colloid particles, under a microscope. A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution. The overall energy change that occurs when a solution forms. A heterogeneous mixture of intermediate size particles. The process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles. A homogeneous mixture with particles less than 1 nm in diameter whose solute cannot be filtered out or settled out of solution. The scattering of light by dispersed colloid particles. : colloid :: Tyndall effect : suspension : solvation : heat of solution : concentration : solution : Brownian motion 目 DELLarrow_forwardIn fractional distillation, the greater the length of a fractionating column: * the lower its efficiency the further it becomes from an ideal distillation the higher its efficiency the faster the distillation will proceedarrow_forwardA solution was prepared by dissolving solute T in 120 g benzene. The freezing point of this solution was recorded as 5.18 °C. Calculate the mass of solute Tin this solution. Solute T is nondissociating. Molar mass of solute T : 92.6 g/mol Tf for pure benzene: 5.50 °C Kf benzene : 5.12 °C/m A. 7.5 g 0.081 g В. c. 11.9 g 0.69 g E. 0.89 garrow_forward
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Solutions: Crash Course Chemistry #27; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h2f1Bjr0p4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY