Chapter 5, Problem 5E

Program Plan Intro

Subnet:

• Subnet divides the network into logical pieces. This process is known as subnetting.
• Systems or computers can communicate directly with each other if they belong to the same subnet or subnetwork.
• Subnet contains the host addresses of a particular network.
• The computers which are outside of a subnet can communicate with other computers only through routers.

Subnet mask:

• A subnet mask is a 32 bit number that is used to divide IP address into network and host addresses.
• The number of IPs to a specific network can be limited by a single subnet mask.
• Single network can be organized into smaller networks called subnets by using multiple subnet masks.
• Subnet mask is used to identify the computers that belong to a specific TCP/IP network.
• Systems or computers can communicate directly with each other if they are belongs to the same subnet.
• The computers which are outside of the subnet can communicate with other computers only through routers.
• Net mask is also defined as the amount of bits that are used for network portion.

Internet Protocol (IP) address:

• IP is a protocol used in network layer of internet model.
• It is used to routes the packet through an optimal path in a network.
• IP performs addressing to find the next computer in an optimal path.
• Each IP address consists of two parts; Network and Host part.
• An IP address is a 32 bit number containing 4 octets.
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) provides additional specification for an IP address where additional specification implies to the number of significant bits that makeup a network portion.
• Example: Consider an IP address “192.168.0.25”
  • Given IP address is class C address so it is associated with a subnet mask “255.255.255.0”
  • In CIDR notation, this can be represented as “192.168.0.25/24”. This means 24 bits of an IP address is significant for network portion.

Explanation of Solution

b)12.1.0.0/24

Given:

12.1.0.0/24

Solution:

Identification of subnet mask:

Step-1: The binary value for the given address 12.1.0.0 is 00001100.00000001.00000000.00000000.

Step-2: The Subnet mask for the given IP 12.1.0.0 is 255.0.0.0 as the given IP address is class A address...

Explanation of Solution

c) 12.1.0.0/20

Given:

12.1.0.0/20

Solution:

Identification of subnet mask:

Step-1: The binary value for the given address 12.1.0.0 is 00001100.00000001.00000000.00000000.

Step-2: The Subnet mask for the given IP 12.1.0.0 is 255.0.0.0 as the given IP address is class A address.

Step-3: The binary equivalent of 255...

Explanation of Solution

d) 12.1.0.0/28

Given:

12.1.0.0/28

Solution:

Identification of subnet mask:

Step-1: The binary value for the given address 12.1.0.0 is 00001100.00000001.00000000.00000000.

Step-2: The Subnet mask for the given IP 12.1.0.0 is 255.0.0.0 as the given IP address is class A address.

Step-3: The binary equivalent of 255.0.0.0 is 11111111.00000000...