Chapter 5, Problem 25Q

Program Plan Intro

• Total number of information bits divided by the total number of bits in transmission is referred as Transmission Efficiency.
• Information bits are the bits in a message that is sent by the user.
• Total bits in a transmission are equal to the sum of information bits and overhead bits.
• Overhead bits are those used for error checking, denoting start, and end bit for a character and packets.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):

• HTTP is an application protocol for distributed information system.
• HTTP is used for data communication in World Wide Web (WWW).
• Hypertext documents include hyperlinks that are used to link other resources on the same page.
• The user can use hyperlink by mouse click or tapping that link in a web browser.
• All the requests to/responses from the web browser are sent/received using HTTP.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

• TCP is a protocol used in transport layer of internet model.
• It is used to deliver the packets to its destination.
• It breaks the large message into smaller packets as it is easier to process and transmit.
• It ensures the reliable delivery of packets.
• It connects the data link layer and application layer.

Internet Protocol (IP):

• IP is a protocol used in network layer of internet model.
• It is used to routes the packet through an optimal path in a network.
• IP performs addressing to find the next computer in an optimal path.

Ethernet:

• Ethernet is commonly used in Local Area Networks (LAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), and Wide Area Network (WAN).
• Ethernet is used to enable the device to communicate with each other via a protocol.
• Ethernet describes how the network devices can format and transmit the packets so that other network devices can receive and process them.
• Ethernet was standardized by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 standard.