The drag on an airplane wing in flight is known to be a function of the density of air
Show that the dimensionless drag,
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- Consider steady viscous flow through a small horizontal tube. For this type of flow, the pressure gradient along the tube, Δp ⁄ ΔL should be a function of the viscosity Y, the mean velocity V, and the diameter D. By dimensional analysis, derive a func- tional relationship relating these variables. Fluid mechanicsarrow_forwardA- Womersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and 0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both speciesarrow_forwardThe dynamic viscosity µ of a fluid is defined by the equation:?ℎ??? ?????? = ? × ???????? ????????The SI units of stress are N/m2, and of velocity gradient are s-1. What are the SI units ofviscosity? What is the dimensional formula of viscosity in terms of [M], [L] and [T]?arrow_forward
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- A seA A, soA A solid cylinder of diameter d, length and density p, falls due to gravity inside a pipe of diameter D. The clearance between the solid cylinder and the pipe is filled with a Newtonian fluid of density p and u. For this clearance fluid, the terminal velocity of the cylinder is determined to be V, assuming a linear velocity profile. However, if the clearance fluid was changed to a Newtonian fluid of density 2p and viscosity 2u, then for an assumed linear velocity profile, the terminal velocity of the cylinder was determined to be V,. From the results of these experiments, one may write that (A) V = V (C) 2 V= V (B) V=2 V, (D) V= 4 Varrow_forwardIn fluid mechanics, which of the following are true: (a) Fluid mechanics is the branch of science concerned with stationary fluids (b) Fluids like water posses only potential energy (c) The field of fluid mechanics is infinite and endless (d) It is a branch of physics which concerns the study of liquids and the ways in which they interact with forces (e) It is a sience concerned with the response of fluids to forces exerted upon them, (f) the fluid which is in state of rest is called as static fluid and its study is called as statics.arrow_forwardConsider the general form of the Reynolds transport theorem (RTT) given by dBsys / dt = d/dt ∫CV ρb dV +∫CS ρbV-› r·n-› dAwhere V-›r is the velocity of the fluid relative to the control surface. Let Bsys be the mass m of a closed system of fluid particles. We know that for a system, dm/dt = 0 since no mass can enter or leave the system by definition. Use the given equation to derive the equation of conservation of mass for a control volume.arrow_forward
- Dimensional analysis concept applied herearrow_forwardTaylor number (Ta) is used here to describe the ratio between the inertia effect and the viscous effect. By applying Buckingham Pi's Theorem, determine an equation for Ta as a function of the radius of inner cylinder (r), cylinder tangential velocity (v), fluid dynamic viscosity (u), gap distance (L) and fluid density (p). Q4arrow_forward1) At any time, approximately 20 volcanoes are actively erupting on the Earth, and 50–70 volcanoes erupt each year. Over the past 100 years, an average of 850 people have died each year from volcano eruptions. As scientists and engineers study the mechanics of lava flow, accurately predicting the flow rate (velocity) of the lava is critical to saving lives after an eruption. Jeffrey's equation captures the relationship between flow rate and viscosity as: Flow V = Pgt sin(@) 28 сm 10 where p is the density of the lava, g is gravity, t is the flow thickness, a is the slope, and u is the lava viscosity. Typical values are given as follows for the flow rate: u= 4x103 kg/(m.s) ±1% p= 2.5 g/cm³ ±1% t= 28 cm +0.5 cm a= 10° +1 ° g= 9.81 m/s? Determine the likely maximum possible error in the calculated value of the flow rate.arrow_forward
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