Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780321918550
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 18CT
We have examined the total ATP, NADH, and FADH2 production in the Krebs cycle for each molecule of glucose coming through Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolysis. How many of each of these molecules would be produced if the Entner-Doudoroff pathway were used instead of EMP glycolysis?
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The reaction catalyzed by citrate syn-
thase, shown on the right, is the first step of the TCA
cycle. In glycolysis, two key reactions to produce ATP
occur because an unfavorable reaction is coupled to
another reaction that is thermodynamically favorable.
The reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase, shown on
the right, is similarly coupled to an unfavorable reac-
tion in the TCA cycle. Write the unfavorable reaction
using structural formulas and write the key step that
drives the two coupled reactions forward. What is the
overall AG'o of the coupled reactions?
CH3-C
>=0
+
S-COA
Acetyl-CoA
0-C-COO-
CH₂-COO
Oxaloacetate
H₂O COA-SH
J
citrate
synthase
CH₂-C
HỌ—C—COO
SO
CH₂-COO
Citrate
AG'= -32.2 kJ/mol
All the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (E°' for NAD+/NADH is -0.32 V) as the electron acceptor, except succinate dehydrogenase, which uses covalently bound FAD (E°' for FAD/FADH2 is +0.050 V). Suggest why FAD is a more appropriate electron acceptor than NAD+ in the dehydrogenation of succinate, based on the E°' values of fumarate/succinate (E°' = +0.031 V)
All the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (?′°E′° for NAD+/NADH is −0.32 V−0.32 V) as electron acceptor except succinate dehydrogenase, which uses covalently‑bound FAD (?′°E′° for FAD/FADH2 in this enzyme is 0.050 V).0.050 V). The ?′°E′° value for fumarate/succinate is 0.031 V.0.031 V.
a)Calculate the Δ?′°ΔG′° value for the oxidation of succinate using NAD+.
b)Calculate the Δ?′°ΔG′° value for the oxidation of succinate using covalently‑bound FAD.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (4th Edition)
Ch. 5 - How can oxidation take place in an anaerobic...Ch. 5 - Why do electrons carried by NADH allow for...Ch. 5 - Why does catabolism of amino acids for energy...Ch. 5 - An uninformed student describes the Calvin-Benson...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 5 - Why is feedback inhibition necessary for...Ch. 5 - Breaks a large molecule into smaller ones a....Ch. 5 - Includes dehydration synthesis reactions a....Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MC
Ch. 5 - Involves the production of cell membrane...Ch. 5 - Includes hydrolytic reactions a. anabolism only b....Ch. 5 - Includes metabolism a. anabolism only b. both...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8MCCh. 5 - A reduced molecule _________. a. has gained...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10MCCh. 5 - Coenzymes are ________. a. types of apoenzymes b....Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 5 - Which of the following does not affect the...Ch. 5 - Most oxidation reactions in bacteria involve the...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the fermentation of one...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the complete aerobic...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 5 - Reactions involved in the light-independent...Ch. 5 - The glycolysis pathway is basically __________. a....Ch. 5 - A major difference between anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - 1. _______ Occurs when energy from a compound...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 1. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 2. Two ATP molecules are used...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 3. The initial catabolism of...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 4. ________ is a cyclic series...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 5. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 6. Three common inorganic...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 7. Anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 8. Complete the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 10 The main coenzymes that...Ch. 5 - VISUALIZE IT! 1 Label the mitochondrion to...Ch. 5 - Label the diagram below to indicate acetyl-CoA,...Ch. 5 - Examine the biosynthetic pathway for the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SACh. 5 - Why we enzymes necessary for anabolic reactions to...Ch. 5 - How do organisms control the rate of metabolic...Ch. 5 - How does a nor-competitive inhibitor at a single...Ch. 5 - Explain the mechanism of negative feedback with...Ch. 5 - Facultative anaerobes can live under either...Ch. 5 - How does oxidation of a molecule occur without...Ch. 5 - List at least four groups of microorganisms that...Ch. 5 - Why do we breathe oxygen and give of carbon...Ch. 5 - Why do cyanobacteria and algae take in carbon...Ch. 5 - What happens to the carbon atoms in sugar...Ch. 5 - How do yeast cells make alcohol and cause bread to...Ch. 5 - Where specifically does the most significant...Ch. 5 - Why are vitamins essential metabolic factors for...Ch. 5 - A laboratory scientist notices that a cer1ain...Ch. 5 - Arsenic is a poison that exists in two states in...Ch. 5 - Explain why an excess of all three of the amino...Ch. 5 - Why might an organism that uses glycolysis and the...Ch. 5 - Describe how bacterial fermentation causes milk to...Ch. 5 - Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica are...Ch. 5 - Two cultures of a facultative anaerobe are grown...Ch. 5 - What is the maximum number of molecules of ATP...Ch. 5 - In terms of its effects on human metabolism, why...Ch. 5 - Cyanide is a potent poison because it irreversibly...Ch. 5 - How are photophosphorylation and oxidative...Ch. 5 - Members of the pathogenic bacterial genus...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast aerobic respiration,...Ch. 5 - Scientists estimate that up to one-third of Earths...Ch. 5 - A young student was troubled by the idea that a...Ch. 5 - If a bacterium uses beta-oxidation to catabolize a...Ch. 5 - Some desert rodents rarely have water to drink....Ch. 5 - Prob. 17CTCh. 5 - We have examined the total ATP, NADH, and FADH2...Ch. 5 - Explain why hyperthermophiles do not cause disease...Ch. 5 - In addition to extremes in temperature and pH,...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.18b illustrates events in aerobic...Ch. 5 - Suppose you could insert a tiny pH probe into the...Ch. 5 - Even though Pseudomonas aeruginosa and...Ch. 5 - Photosynthetic organisms are rarely pathogenic....Ch. 5 - Prob. 25CTCh. 5 - A scientist moves a green plant grown in sunlight...Ch. 5 - What class of enzyme is involved in amination...Ch. 5 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...
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