Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 16PQ
To determine
When will be the inertia of you is higher when you are sitting or when you are running?
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
explicitly that V. V is invariant under the coordinate transformation.
Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
Fv=AAμ.
(a) Show explicitly that F is a tensor, that is, show that it transforms appropriately under a
coordinate transformation.
[5 marks]
(b)…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 5.2 - Because Newtons first law is counterintuitive, it...Ch. 5.2 - Train Collision and Newtons First Law A group of...Ch. 5.3 - Shown in Figure 5.4 are four situations in which a...Ch. 5.3 - A person stands on a spring scale in an elevator...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 5.5CECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.6CECh. 5.6 - a. Take a moment to be sure that you understand...Ch. 5.7 - Imagine weighing the same bunch of bananas with...Ch. 5.7 - For all three situations, find the magnitude and...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 5.10CE
Ch. 5.9 - A child jumping off the monkey bars at a...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 5.12CECh. 5 - Why is it easier to lift a very large beach ball...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2PQCh. 5 - Imagine pushing two blocks on ice. The light block...Ch. 5 - When Julia Child would cook an omelet, she would...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5PQCh. 5 - Prob. 6PQCh. 5 - Prob. 7PQCh. 5 - Prob. 8PQCh. 5 - Prob. 9PQCh. 5 - Prob. 10PQCh. 5 - Prob. 11PQCh. 5 - You blow a small piece of paper through the air....Ch. 5 - Prob. 13PQCh. 5 - Prob. 14PQCh. 5 - Prob. 15PQCh. 5 - Prob. 16PQCh. 5 - Prob. 17PQCh. 5 - A ball hanging from a light string or rod can be...Ch. 5 - Prob. 19PQCh. 5 - You are riding a luxury bus. In front of you is a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21PQCh. 5 - A particle with mass m = 4.00 kg accelerates...Ch. 5 - The x and y coordinates of a 4.00-kg particle...Ch. 5 - In the movie Garden State, one of the characters...Ch. 5 - The starship Enterprise has its tractor beam...Ch. 5 - A race car is moving around a circular track at a...Ch. 5 - A particle of mass m1 accelerates at 4.25 m/s2...Ch. 5 - Prob. 28PQCh. 5 - Two forces F1=(62.98i15.80j) N and...Ch. 5 - Three forces F1=(62.98i15.80j) N,...Ch. 5 - A hockey stick pushes a 0.160-kg puck with...Ch. 5 - If the vector components of the position of a...Ch. 5 - If the vector components of the position of a...Ch. 5 - A 15.0-kg object is in free fall near the surface...Ch. 5 - A black widow spider hangs motionless from a web...Ch. 5 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 5 - You place tomatoes in the pan of a hanging spring...Ch. 5 - Kinetic friction is proportional to the normal...Ch. 5 - A student takes the elevator up to the fourth...Ch. 5 - A sleigh is being pulled horizontally by a train...Ch. 5 - Two blocks are connected by a rope that passes...Ch. 5 - Find an expression for the carts acceleration in...Ch. 5 - A woman uses a rope to pull a block of mass m...Ch. 5 - A student working on a school project modeled a...Ch. 5 - One great form of athletic competition for...Ch. 5 - A heavy crate of mass 50.0 kg is pulled at...Ch. 5 - A block with mass m1 hangs from a rope that is...Ch. 5 - To get in shape, you head to the local gym to...Ch. 5 - A block with mass m1 hangs from a rope that is...Ch. 5 - FIGURE P5.49 Problems 49 and 50. Suppose the...Ch. 5 - Two objects, m1 = 3.00 kg and m2 = 8.50 kg, are...Ch. 5 - A runaway piano starts from rest and slides down a...Ch. 5 - Does the ground need to exert a force on you for...Ch. 5 - A boxer breaks his hand by punching another boxers...Ch. 5 - Prob. 55PQCh. 5 - A textbook rests on a movable wooden plank that is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 57PQCh. 5 - Prob. 58PQCh. 5 - Prob. 59PQCh. 5 - A worker is attempting to lift a 55.0-kg palette...Ch. 5 - Prob. 61PQCh. 5 - A concept map is a visual representation of...Ch. 5 - A 75.0-g arrow, fired at a speed of 110 m/s to the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 64PQCh. 5 - A box with mass m1 = 6.00 kg sliding on a rough...Ch. 5 - Prob. 66PQCh. 5 - A cosmic ray muon with mass m = 1.88 1028 kg...Ch. 5 - Prob. 68PQCh. 5 - Prob. 69PQCh. 5 - A 1.50-kg particle initially at rest and at the...Ch. 5 - A block of ice (m = 15.0 kg) with an attached rope...Ch. 5 - A block of ice (m = 15.0 kg) with an attached rope...Ch. 5 - Prob. 73PQCh. 5 - Starting from rest, a rectangular toy block with...Ch. 5 - When a 1.50-kg dress hangs midway from a taut...Ch. 5 - Jamal and Dayo are lifting a large chest, weighing...Ch. 5 - A heavy chandelier with mass 125 kg is hung by...Ch. 5 - Two children, Raffi and John, sitting on sleds...Ch. 5 - Two boxes with masses m1 = 4.00 kg and m2 = 10.0...Ch. 5 - Two blocks of mass m1 = 1.50 kg and m2 = 5.00 kg...Ch. 5 - An aerial demonstration aircraft dives at an angle...Ch. 5 - A painter sits on a scaffold that is connected to...Ch. 5 - Three crates with masses m1 = 5.45 kg, m2 = 7.88...Ch. 5 - A small block with mass m is set on the top of an...
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