Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134477206
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 15CT
If a bacterium uses beta-oxidation to catabolize a molecule of the fatty acid arachidic acid, which contains 20 carbon atoms, how many acetyl-CoA molecules will be generated?
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If a fatty acid containing 13 carbons is subjected to Beta oxidation, how many molecules of Acetyl CoA can be produced?
Only one acetyl CoA molecule is used directly in fatty acid synthesis. Identify the carbon atoms in palmitic acid that were donated by acetyl CoA.
In the complete b-oxidation of stearic acid (18:0),
a) how many moles of acetyl CoA are produced?
b) how many times would the fatty acid pass through the fatty acid spiral for complete oxidation?
c) what is the total ATP produced in the citric acid cycle?
d) how many moles of NADH are produced?
e) how many moles of FADH2 are produced?
f) how many moles of ATP are produced after all NADH are reoxidized in the respiratory chain?
g) how many moles of ATP are produced after all FADH2 are reoxidized in the respiratory chain?
h) how many moles of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of stearic acid?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Ch. 5 - How can oxidation take place in an anaerobic...Ch. 5 - Why do electrons carried by NADH allow for...Ch. 5 - Why does catabolism of amino acids for energy...Ch. 5 - An uninformed student describes the Calvin-Benson...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 5 - Why is feedback inhibition necessary for...Ch. 5 - Breaks a large molecule into smaller ones a....Ch. 5 - Includes dehydration synthesis reactions a....Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MC
Ch. 5 - Involves the production of cell membrane...Ch. 5 - Includes hydrolytic reactions a. anabolism only b....Ch. 5 - Includes metabolism a. anabolism only b. both...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8MCCh. 5 - A reduced molecule _________. a. has gained...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10MCCh. 5 - Coenzymes are ________. a. types of apoenzymes b....Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 5 - Which of the following does not affect the...Ch. 5 - Most oxidation reactions in bacteria involve the...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the fermentation of one...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the complete aerobic...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 5 - Reactions involved in the light-independent...Ch. 5 - The glycolysis pathway is basically __________. a....Ch. 5 - A major difference between anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - 1. _______ Occurs when energy from a compound...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 1. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 2. Two ATP molecules are used...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 3. The initial catabolism of...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 4. ________ is a cyclic series...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 5. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 6. Three common inorganic...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 7. Anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 8. Complete the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 10 The main coenzymes that...Ch. 5 - VISUALIZE IT! 1 Label the mitochondrion to...Ch. 5 - Label the diagram below to indicate acetyl-CoA,...Ch. 5 - Examine the biosynthetic pathway for the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SACh. 5 - Why we enzymes necessary for anabolic reactions to...Ch. 5 - How do organisms control the rate of metabolic...Ch. 5 - How does a nor-competitive inhibitor at a single...Ch. 5 - Explain the mechanism of negative feedback with...Ch. 5 - Facultative anaerobes can live under either...Ch. 5 - How does oxidation of a molecule occur without...Ch. 5 - List at least four groups of microorganisms that...Ch. 5 - Why do we breathe oxygen and give of carbon...Ch. 5 - Why do cyanobacteria and algae take in carbon...Ch. 5 - What happens to the carbon atoms in sugar...Ch. 5 - How do yeast cells make alcohol and cause bread to...Ch. 5 - Where specifically does the most significant...Ch. 5 - Why are vitamins essential metabolic factors for...Ch. 5 - A laboratory scientist notices that a cer1ain...Ch. 5 - Arsenic is a poison that exists in two states in...Ch. 5 - Explain why an excess of all three of the amino...Ch. 5 - Why might an organism that uses glycolysis and the...Ch. 5 - Describe how bacterial fermentation causes milk to...Ch. 5 - Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica are...Ch. 5 - Two cultures of a facultative anaerobe are grown...Ch. 5 - What is the maximum number of molecules of ATP...Ch. 5 - In terms of its effects on human metabolism, why...Ch. 5 - Cyanide is a potent poison because it irreversibly...Ch. 5 - How are photophosphorylation and oxidative...Ch. 5 - Members of the pathogenic bacterial genus...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast aerobic respiration,...Ch. 5 - Scientists estimate that up to one-third of Earths...Ch. 5 - A young student was troubled by the idea that a...Ch. 5 - If a bacterium uses beta-oxidation to catabolize a...Ch. 5 - Some desert rodents rarely have water to drink....Ch. 5 - Prob. 17CTCh. 5 - We have examined the total ATP, NADH, and FADH2...Ch. 5 - Explain why hyperthermophiles do not cause disease...Ch. 5 - In addition to extremes in temperature and pH,...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.18b illustrates events in aerobic...Ch. 5 - Suppose you could insert a tiny pH probe into the...Ch. 5 - Even though Pseudomonas aeruginosa and...Ch. 5 - Photosynthetic organisms are rarely pathogenic....Ch. 5 - Prob. 25CTCh. 5 - A scientist moves a green plant grown in sunlight...Ch. 5 - What class of enzyme is involved in amination...Ch. 5 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Where does the carbon come from that is used to synthesize ketone bodies? a) Acetyl-CoA generated by decarboxylation of pyruvate b) Acetyl-CoA generated by deamination of amino acids c) Acetyl-CoA generated by beta-oxidation of fatty acids.arrow_forwardIn order to provide the acetyl-CoA molecules to produce 3 equivalents of palmitic acid, how many glucose molecules would be required?arrow_forwardUnder conditions where ketone bodies are being produced in the liver, how many ATPS can be produced from a molecule of palmitic acid if all resulting molecules of acetyl-CoA are converted into B-hydroxybutyrate?arrow_forward
- How many acetyl-CoA molecules can be produced from a 20-carbon chain free fatty acid?arrow_forwardThe citrate cycle is a metabolic engine generating [ Select: "carbon monoxide", "NAD, FAD and GDP", "carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH, and GTP"] from the fuel [ Select : "triglycerides", "acetyl-CoA"]. It is considered a cycle since all components must be maintained beginning with the addition of the two carbons from acetyl-CoA to form [ Select ] ["succinate", "citrate"] from [ Select ]["fumarate", "oxaloacetate"]. The citrate cycle depends on the presence of oxygen since [ Select ]["oxygen is directly required in the citrate cycle", "oxygen is required for NADH and FADH2 oxidation, and their accumulation in the absence of electron transport results in feedback inhibition of the citrate cycle"] .arrow_forwardFor each of the steps below, choose (A) if the step pertains to b-oxidation, (B) if the step pertains to fatty acid synthesis, or (C) if the step is common to both processes. ______ Acetyl CoA is produced as a product.______ Activation (the committed step of the process) requires ATP hydrolysis. ______ Accumulated acetyl CoA serves as a substrate.______ The length of fatty acid carbon chain is modified in the mitochondria. ______ ACP acts as the acyl carrier.arrow_forward
- D) Carbohydrate catabolism involves substrate-level phosphorylation. E) My answer is not here 27. The adduct acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein is formed as an intermediate during fatty acid biosynthesis. The CO2 used to synthesize malonyl-S-CoA is lost. Would this help make the reaction more or less energetically favorable? A) Loss of CO2 increases entropy (AS) and therefore decreases the favorability of the reaction (AG). B) Loss of CO2 has no effect on entropy (AS) and therefore does not affect the favorability of the reaction (AG). C) Loss of CO2 increases entropy (AS) and therefore increases the favorability of the reaction (AG). D) Loss of CO2 decreases entropy (AS) and therefore decreases the favorability of the reaction (AG). E) Loss of CO2 decreases entropy (AS) and therefore increases the favorability of the reaction (AG).arrow_forwardFourteen NADPH molecules are required to produce one molecules of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. Substantiate this statement by referring to the enzymatic activities involved in reduction steps during fatty acid synthesis and the number of cycles required to produce palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. How many molecules of ATP is required for the synthesis of palmitic acid from cytosolic acetyl-CoA?arrow_forwardOxygen is not a reactant in the β oxidation of fatty acids. Can β oxidation occur under anaerobic conditions? Explain.arrow_forward
- Why would glutamate utilize the oxidative deamination pathway over transamination – especially if removal of NH4+ requires ATP? Would it not be favorable for the body to just use transamination?arrow_forwardPropose a mechanism for the following reaction:arrow_forwardAlthough glucose cannot be formed from acetyl-CoA, triglycerides can enter the glycolytic pathway via which process? O Acetyl-CoA → oxaloacetate → phosphoenolpyruvate O Palmitoyl-CoAB- ketoacyl-CoA → a-ketoglutarate O Glycerol → DHAP Acyl-CoA glucosearrow_forward
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