Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4.7, Problem 3CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS The polypeptide chain that makes up a tight junction weaves back and forth through the membrane four times, with two extracellular loops, and one loop plus short C-terminal and N-terminal tails in the cytoplasm. Looking at Figure 3.18, whatWhat would you predict about the amino acids making up the tight junction protein?
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* hat do you think holds together the various secondary structural elements in a
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Figure 4-4 Essential Cell Biology 3/e (O Garland Science 2010)
Figure 6. Three examples of bonding interactions that stabilize the tertiary
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Cell Biology, 4th Edition by Alberts et al. Reproduced by permission Garland Science/ Taylor &
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Figure 4-26 Essential Cell Bialogy 3e o Garland Science 2010)
Figure 7. Disulfide bonds within proteins can form (left-pointing arrow) or be
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1. Integral and peripheral membrane proteins employ multiple strategies to keep them associated to a biological
membrane. View these three proteins below, and for each protein shown, answer the following questions:
A) What type of membrane protein is this? Integral, peripheral, monotopic, polytopic? How do you know?
Justify your label by features of the protein shown in the image.
B) Describe the overall tertiary structure of each protein. Be certain to mention hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity
of the surfaces of this protein.
C) Provide a detailed description of how each protein is held associated to the biological membrane.
Protein 2
Protein 3
Protein 1
"H,N.
Exterior
Cytosol
While investigating structure-function studies in a membrane transport protein, a researcher discovered a single nucleotide
mutation that led to the loss of a key alpha-helical segment of the protein in the hydrophilic domain. The mutation that led to
this finding is most likely which of the following? Hint: helix breaker
O AUC to GUC
GAG to CCU
GUU to GCU
GUG to UUG
O CUC to CCC
Chapter 4 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.2 - Briefly describe the structure and function of the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.3 - What role do ribosomes play in carrying out...Ch. 4.3 - Describe the molecular composition of nucleoli,...Ch. 4.3 - WHAT IF? As a cell begins the process of dividing,...Ch. 4.4 - Describe the structural and functional...Ch. 4.4 - Describe how transport vesicles integrate the...Ch. 4.4 - WHAT IF? Imagine a protein that functions in the...
Ch. 4.5 - Describe two characteristics shared by...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.6 - WHAT IF? Males afflicted with Kartageners syndrome...Ch. 4.7 - In what way are the cells of plants and animals...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.7 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The polypeptide chain that makes...Ch. 4 - Which structure is not part of the endomembrane...Ch. 4 - Which structure is common to plant and animal...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 4 - Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in...Ch. 4 - What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly...Ch. 4 - Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?...Ch. 4 - DRAW IT From memory, draw two eukaryotic cells....Ch. 4 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In studying micrographs of an...Ch. 4 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Compare different aspects of...Ch. 4 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Considering some of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12TYU
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- The lipid portion of a typical bilayer is about 30 Å thick. (a) Calculate the minimum number of residues in an a-helix required to span this distance. (b) Calculate the minimum number of residues in a B-strand required to span this distance. (c) Explain why a-helices are most commonly observed in transmembrane protein sequences when the distance from one side of a membrane to the other can be spanned by significantly fewer amino acids in a B-strand conformation. (d) The epidermal growth factor receptor has a single transmembrane helix. Find it in this partial sequence: .RGPKIPSIATGMVGALLLLVVALGIGILFMRRRH..arrow_forwardName the three major assumptions made by the "Cell theory". (i) The lipid membrane is composed of lipid molecules. Explain the principle of membrane formation highlighting the role of the physical properties of the lipids. (ii) Comparing dimensions and length scales is often a first step in an analysis. Give an approximate value for the thickness of a lipid bilayer and the linear length of a helical turn of a DNA double helix. A technician wants to amplify DNA from a patient sample. However, the lab is not equipped with a thermocycler. (i) (ii) Name two methods for DNA amplification that can be operated at constant temperature and give their acronyms. Explain these two methods in detail using a schematic and name all necessary components that are required to perform the amplification. Describe the main function of the middle ear. Highlight the role of the ossicles and the tympanic membrane.arrow_forward1-what are the largest element of the cytoskeleton and can dynamically grow and shrink by the addition or subtraction of tubulin subunits. 2-Many less dynamic, more permanent cellular structures such as the nuclear lamina have (????) as the major cytoskeletal component Microtubules Intermediate filaments Microfilaments 3-when a ligand binds a (????) the conformation of the receptor changes, opening a selective pore. GPCR Ligand gated ion channel Ligandase pore Voltage gated ion channelarrow_forward
- B) We also know from studies of protein structure that one turn of an a-helix includes 3.6 amino acid residues and extends the long axis of the helix by - 0.56 nm. Approximately how many amino acids must a helical transmembrane segment of an integral membrane protein have if the segment is to span the lipid bilayer defined by two stearate molecules laid end to end, plus the polar head groups to which the stearate molecules are attached (assume a polar head group has a diameter of 0.5 nm)?arrow_forward10(a) Draw or explain the structure of the plasma membrane, 10(b) explain how the plasma membrane is able to be selectively permeable 10(c) How do small, lipid-based molecules move through the membrane? 10(d) How do large or polar molecules move through the membrane?arrow_forwardChoose the statements that describe how the helix orients in the tertiary structure of an integral membrane protein. The threonine residues act as membrane interface anchors, interacting with the lipid bilayer and the aqueous environment. The amphipathic helix interacts with the lipid bilayer along its hydrophobic surface, exposing its hydrophilic surface to the aqueous environment. A group of helices cluster with their polar surfaces in contact with one another and their hydrophobic surfaces facing the lipid bilayer. The peptide entirely embeds in the lipid bilayer. Incorrectarrow_forward
- I'm honestly confused on where to start with this question. I think it has something to do with the residues per turn but can you please explain and show detailed work on the the problem. Researchers have discovered a new membrane protein that has three transmembrane domain αhelixes that span the lipid bilayer. a. If the lipid bilayer is 30 Å thick, what is the smallest number of amino acid residues that can be in each α-helixes for them to be long enough to span the bilayer? b. If one of the three α-helixes is titled at a 32° angle relative to an axis perpendicular to the surface of the lipid bilayer, what is the smaller number of amino acid helixes required for that helix to still span the lipid bilayer? c. How many hydrogen bonding interactions would there be in the smallest possible tilted transmembrane α-helix? d. If the tilted α-helix was a 310 helix instead how many amino acid residues would be required to span the lipid bilayer? How many amino acid residues would be required if…arrow_forward10. As described by the fluid mosaic model, biological membranes contain not only phospholipids but also a variety of other molecules, particularly proteins. The overarching question I want you to consider is how proteins are structured to fulfill their interactions with and functions in cell membranes. A. First, let's just consider a single-pass transmembrane protein, which has just a single region (also called domain) crossing through the phospholipid bilayer, as diagrammed to the right. Describe which regions of this transmembrane protein are likely to be hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic. B. Briefly explain the reasoning for your responses. Outside of cell (aqueous) Inside of cell (aqueous)arrow_forwardCreate a ROUGH SKETCH (no need for exact hydropathy indices and residue numbers) of the hydropathy plot for the given membrane protein. -coo Please follow the color assignment of the helical domains and properly label the plot and axes. Here is an example: Amino Outside terminus Transmembrane helices are predicted by hydrophobic stretches of 20-25 aa residues 10 50 100 150 200 250 Hydrophobic Inside Hydrophilic Carboxyl terminus -3 10 50 100 150 200 250 Residue number Bacteriorhodopsin Hydropathy indexarrow_forward
- 21. Which protein structure is most consistent for the hydropathy graph of the intrinsic membrane protein shown below? +168 F +84 -84 -168 20 100 200 300 First amino acid in window A) A seven-helix serpentine receptor B) A Type I integral membrane protein C) A Type Il integral membrane protein D) A GPI-anchored protein E) A beta-barrel protein with about 10 membrane-spanning strands. Hydropathy index (kJ mol-1)arrow_forwardYour research advisor would like you to measure the movement of a protein X using FRAP. The results of your FRAP experiment are shown below. What can you conclude? Fluorescence Intensity (Arbitrary Units) Time (Seconds) Time point of exposure to an intense laser Protein X appears to be completely immobilized in the membrane Protein X appears to be partially immobilized in the membrane You cannot make predictions about the mobility of Protein X with these data Protein X appears to be completely mobile in the membranearrow_forwardAll the following processes occur rapidly in the membrane lipid bilayer except (A) Flexing of fatty acyl chains(B) Lateral diffusion of phospholipids (C) Transbilayer diffusion of phopholipids(D) their longaxes Rotation of phospholipids aroundarrow_forward
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