Concept explainers
You are driving a car on a country road when a mosquito splatters on the windshield. Which has the greater magnitude: the force that the car exerted on the mosquito or the force that the mosquito exerted on the car? Or are the magnitudes the same? If they are different, how can you reconcile this fact with Newton’s third law? If they are equal, why is the mosquito splattered while the car is undamaged?
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- A ball is falling toward the ground. Which of the following statements are false? (a) The force that the ball exerts on Earth is equal in magnitude to the force that Earth exerts on the ball, (b) The ball undergoes the same acceleration as Earth. (c) The magnitude of the force the Earth exerts on the ball is greater than the magnitude of the force the ball exerts on the Earth.arrow_forwardAn object experiences no acceleration. Which of the following cannot be true for the object? (a) A single force acts on the object. (b) No forces act on the object. (c) Forces act on the object, but the forces cancel.arrow_forwardA crate remains stationary after it has been placed on a ramp inclined at an angle with the horizontal. Which of the following statements must be true about the magnitude of the frictional force that acts on the crate? (a) It is larger than the weight of the crate. (b) It is at least equal to the weight of the crate. (c) It is equal to sn. (d) It is greater than the component of the gravitational force acting down the ramp. (e) It is equal to the component of the gravitational force acting down the ramp.arrow_forward
- Newton's Second Law in 1 Dimension: A 40-kg crate is being lowered with a downward acceleration is 2.0 m/s2 by means of a rope. (a) What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the rope on the crate? What would be the magnitude of the force exerted by the rope if the crate were being raised with an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2?arrow_forwardNewton's third law tells us that for every force in nature, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. In the previous question ("A crate is sitting at a top of a ramp, which is inclined at an angle"), what is the reaction force associated with the normal force acting on the box? O The weight force acting on the crate O The component of the weight force perpendicular to the surface O The normal force exerted by the crate on the ramp O The static friction force O Some other force O There is no reaction force to the normal forcearrow_forwardA man dives off of a cliff. While he is in the air, how does the magnitude of the force that the earth exerts on the diver compare to the magnitude of the force the diver exerts on the earth? The force on the diver is larger in magnitude. The forces have equal magnitudes. The force on the earth is larger in magnitude. The earth exerts zero force on the diver. The diver exerts zero force on the earth.arrow_forward
- A ball of mass 0.5 kg is tossed vertically upwards. What is the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on the ball, ( a ) as it moves upwards ? ( b ) as it moves downwards ? ( c ) at the highest point of its vertical climb. Do any of your answers change if the ball was kicked at a 45° angle with the horizontal plane? Ignore the air resistance.arrow_forwardYou’re pushing horizontally on a large crate, but it won’t budge. According to Newton’s third law, the crate pushes back on you with the same magnitude of force that you exert on it. Suddenly the crate breaks free and you can now push it along the floor. Now is the force exerted on you by the crate greater than, equal to, or less than the force that you are exerting on the crate? Explain.arrow_forwardConsider Newton's First Law. Which one of the following is a correct statement ? O The net force acting on object moving at constant velocity must be zero. OThe net force acting on an object moving at constant speed must be zero. The net force acting on an object that is accelerating must be zero. O The net force acting on an object that is decelerating must be zero.arrow_forward
- A donkey is urged to pull a wagon. The donkey refuses, citing Newton's third law as a defence: the pull of the donkey on the wagon is equal to, but opposite the pull of the wagon on the donkey. The donkey asks, "If I can never exert a greater force on the wagon than it exerts on me, how can I ever start the wagon moving?" Reply to the donkey's objection and show why their claim is wrong. Hint: In your answer, make sure that the explanation is related to a physics principle covered in this unit.arrow_forwardA book is lying on a table. According to Newton’s First Law, why does the book remain at rest unless acted upon by a force? What forces are acting on the book? (University Physics 1: Kinematics & Dynamics)arrow_forwardTo understand Newton's 3rd law, which states that a physical interaction always generates a pair of forces on the two interacting bodies. In Principia, Newton wrote:To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts. (translation by Cajori) The phrase after the colon (often omitted from textbooks) makes it clear that this is a statement about the nature of force. The central idea is that physical interactions (e.g., due to gravity, bodies touching, or electric forces) cause forces to arise between pairs of bodies. Each pairwise interaction produces a pair of opposite forces, one acting on each body. In summary, each physical interaction between two bodies generates a pair of forces. Whatever the physical cause of the interaction, the force on body A from body B is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force on body B from body A.Incidentally, Newton states that…arrow_forward
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