Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 44.2, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
A community is a group of species existing in the similar habitat or having a particularly common feature. Community is also termed as a biological community. For example, soil containing
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The figure below shows the relative abundance (y axis) of shrubs in an ecosystem in the years
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The composition of a community refers to the
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An ecologist studying the availability of
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Chapter 44 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.1 - Lake Baikal in Siberia is an ancient, unglaciated...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.3 - Why might ecologists think of walking thecoastline...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Which of the following are examples of secondary...Ch. 44.3 - In New England salt marshes, Spartina grass...
Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.4 - Which is part of the original MacArthur-Wilson...Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.5 - In these two food chains, plants and...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.5 - Detritivores that feed on the dung of herbivores...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.6 - Net primary production is the energy that passes...Ch. 44.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.6 - Most gross primary production is used in (by)...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYCh. 44 - On which types of islands would you expect species...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYCh. 44 - Autotrophic organisms are primary consumers....Ch. 44 - Prob. 8TYCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYCh. 44 - The most highly productive terrestrial ecosystems...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 44 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 44 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 44 - List some possible ecological disturbances, their...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- The _______________ signifies that species richness is greater where two communities meet than at the center of either community. (a) edge effect (b) fundamental niche (c) character displacement (d) realized niche (e) limiting resourcearrow_forwardA limiting resource does all the following except that it (a) tends to restrict the ecological niche of a species (b) is in short supply relative to a species need for it (c) limits the presence of a species in a given community (d) results in an intermediate disturbance (e) may be limiting for only part of an organisms life cyclearrow_forwardINTERPRET DATA Examine the top and middle graphs in Figure 54-5. Are these examples of exponential or logistic population growth? Where is K in each graph? (You may need to refer to Chapter 53 to answer these questions.) RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The top and middle graphs show how each species of Paramecium flourishes when grown alone. The bottom graph shows how they grow together, in competition with each other. In a mixed culture, P. aurelia outcompetes P. caudatum, resulting in competitive exclusion. SOURCE: Adapted from G.F. Gause, The Struggle for Existence (Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1934). Figure 54-5 G.F. Gauses classic experiment on interspecific competitionarrow_forward
- Support this with evidence: In this food web model, plants A, B and C are the autotrophic organisms that serve as the producers of the food web model. The herbivores A, B and C serve as the primary consumers meanwhile the omnivores A and B serve as the secondary consumers of this model. Then, the last level is the top predator. To describe the model formulated, the populations of these organisms, in a particular ecosystem, was recorded over a period of 61 days. It is observed that at Day 0, the plant populations are the highest, which is around 5000. The herbivore populations are found in a range of 2000-3000 and the omnivore populations can be seen to be below 1000. With gradual increase in the number of days, we can see here that the food chain is coming into play. The green plants are being consumed by the herbivores, leading to fluctuations in the plant populations. The herbivores are, in turn, being consumed by the omnivores. We can see that with increasing time, only…arrow_forwardSince 1972, Dr. Jim Estes had been studying a food chain of kelp -> urchins -> sea otters, and then in the early 1990s orcas began eating the sea otters. The data collected by Dr. Estes are shown. Panel A shows sea otter abundance around four different islands from 1972 to 1997. Panel B shows the amount of sea urchins (sea urchin biomass) in 1987 and 1997. Panel C shows the amount of kelp that sea urchins ate over a 24- hour period (grazing intensity) in 1991 and 1997. Panel D shows the number of kelp plants within a specific area (density of kelp) in 1987 and 1997. The thickness of the arrows illustrates the strength of the effect one species has on the species below it in the food web. Sea otter abundance -Amchitka L N. Adak I. Kagalaska i. L Riskal. Sea urchin biomass Grazing intensity Total kelp density 1972 1985 1989 1993 1997 Year In 1997, which species is the apex predator in the food chain? No. per 0.25 m % loss 24hr gms 0.25m Otter No. (% max. count)arrow_forwardWhich of the following attributes of a community would tend to lead to higher species richness? High specialization of species A broad resource spectrum High population size in each species Both a and b Both b and carrow_forward
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