Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 8TYU
Summary Introduction
To draw: The antibody-linking protein complex that could trigger endocytosis by a macrophage.
Introduction: An antigen is a large molecule. It may be made up of proteins or polysaccharides. A single antigen has several binding sites that are called epitopes. Each antibody binds to a specific epitope of an antigen. An antibody is a Y-shaped protein molecule that consists of four polypeptide chains. There are two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains connected by a disulfide bond. Antibody binds to the antigen receptor of pathogens like bacteria or virus.
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Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two epitopes, Y (the “eraser” end) and Z (the “point” end). They are recognized by antibodies A1 and A2, respectively. Draw and label a picture showing the antibodies linking proteins into a complex that could trigger endocytosis by a macrophage.
For the diagram below, all of the following
statements are true EXCEPT:
Antigen-
binding
site
V C
Heavy chain
V
Light chain
S.S.
Fc (stem) region c C Hinge region
None of the other four answers (All are
true statements)
Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) are composed
of four protein molecules, two identical "light"
chains and two identical "heavy" chains
Antigens bind to the "stem", composed of
the constant regions of the two "heavy"
chains
The variable (V) regions form the antigen
binding sites
The constant (C) regions determine class of
antibody
Observe the structure of antibodies below that has four protein subunits. Explain why we only see two (not four) bands on the SDS PAGE gel.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 43.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 43.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.3 - Treatment of antibodies with a particular protease...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.4 - WHAT IF? How would a macrophage deficiency likely...Ch. 43 - In what ways does innate immunity protect the...Ch. 43 - Why is the adaptive immune response to an initial...Ch. 43 - Is immunological memory after a natural infection...Ch. 43 - Prob. 43.4CRCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 43 - An epitope associates with which part of an...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Level 2: Application/Analysis 4. Which of the...Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 43 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 43 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This photo shows a child...
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- Write T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. P and E selectins are expressed by endothelial cells. " " TCRs consist of heavy and light chains. " " A disulfide bond can be found on TCRs. " " The antigen binding site in TCRs is contributed by the variable region of the H chain and the variable region of the light chain. " " CD4, but not CD8, interacts with Lck. " "arrow_forwardThere are five major classes of antibodies. Complete the two below.arrow_forwardDRAW IT Sketch a B cell antigen receptor. Label the Vand C regions of the light and heavy chains. Label theantigen-binding sites, disulfide bridges, and transmembrane region. Where are these features located relativeto the V and C regions?arrow_forward
- Draw the structure of an antibody molecule(a typical IgG)and show how this structure enables it to bind to a specific antigen. Include the following terms in your diagranm: heavy chain (H chain), light chain (L chain), variable region, constant region, Fab, Fc, hinge and disulfide bonds.arrow_forwardShortly discuss the above antibodie structure? Please discuss at your own words . Discussion should be to the point (specific 5-6 lines).arrow_forwardWhat physiological effect would you predict from a mutation that replacedwith serine the cysteine in the constant part of the immunoglobulin lightchain that is involved in disulfide-bond formation with the heavy chain?(as shown)arrow_forward
- Each of the following statements concerning the macrophages is true, EXCEPT:* D Sometimes referred to Langerhans cells in the skin Contain numerous primary and secondary lysosomes Have variable shape, because they move in connective tissues O D Manufacture antibodies. O O Phagocytosis of bacteriaarrow_forwardWhy Spleen(Mouce/mice) cells are used in the production of monoclonal antibodies? Why not other cells? Please answer at your own words.arrow_forwardAddition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for hemoglobin to a solution of hemoglobin results in the formation of a red precipitate. In contrast, addition of the Fab fragments from this antibody to hemoglobin results in no such precipitate. What could explain this difference in results? Treatment with papain produces Fab fragments with different antigen specificity than the original IgG molecule. IgG can simultaneously bind two different antigens, whereas an Fab fragment can only bind one antigen at a time. The Fab fragments preferentially bind to other Fab fragments rather than to hemoglobin. The hemoglobin molecule antibody-binding sites can bind IgG molecules, but cannot bind Fab fragments.arrow_forward
- Sketch a B cell antigen receptor. Label the V and C regions of the light and heavy chains. Label the antigenbinding sites, disulfide bridges, and transmembrane region. Where are these features located relative to the V and C regions?arrow_forwardThe indirect immunofluorescence ("fluorescent Ab") test shown below is performed to test for: + AA T. pallidum from Specific antibodies laboratory stock in serum of patient Antibodies bind to T. pallidum + ㅅ Fluorescent dye-labeled anti-human immune serum globulin (This will react with any immunoglobulin) Da Fluorescent spirochetes (see Figure 3.6b) None of the other four answers are correct The presence of T. pallidum bacteria in the patient's blood Whether the patient has made antibodies against other human antibodies Immunologic evidence of current or past infection with T. pallidum (i.e., Ab against T. pallidum) Growth of T. pallidum in culture from a syphilis patientarrow_forwardGenerally, polysaccharides are not good antigens, because B cells that recognize them cannot get T-cell help. But for some pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae opsonization by antibodies that bind the thick polysaccharide "capsule" layer surrounding the bacteria is the major mechanism of clearing the infection. As expected, a pure polysaccharide vaccine is not terribly effective, but much better immunity is achieved by vaccinating with a polysaccharide covalently linked "conjugated" to an unrelated protein. Explain how this conjugate vaccine allows B cells capable of making anti-polysaccharide antibodies.arrow_forward
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