Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4.11, Problem 1MQ
Summary Introduction
Replication, transcription, and translation are important processes of the central dogma of biology. In translation, the mRNA molecule is translated into a protein sequence (amino acids). The mRNA, tRNA, and ribosome are three important components of translation machinery. Initiation, elongation, and termination are major steps involved in translation. Proteins play important roles in the structure and function of cells.
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Codons 24 to 66 represent an intron. At what point in the process of protein synthesis are introns removed? What is the name of the enzyme responsible for removing them?
There are four codons that encode threonine. Consider the leader sequence in Figure 31.22A. What codons are used and with what frequency?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.2 - Why is supercoiling essential to a bacterial cell?...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 4.3 - Approximately how large is the Escherichia coli...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4MQCh. 4.4 - To which end (5 or 3) of a newly synthesized...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4MQCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.9 - What three major components make up an archaeal...Ch. 4.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.12 - What is the function of the acceptor stem of a...Ch. 4.13 - What are the components of a ribosome? What...Ch. 4.13 - How is a completed polypeptide chain released from...Ch. 4.13 - How does tmRNA free stalled ribosomes?Ch. 4.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.14 - Prob. 4MQCh. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Prob. 7RQCh. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Why are errors in DNA replication so rare? What...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10RQCh. 4 - Prob. 11RQCh. 4 - Prob. 12RQCh. 4 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
13. Why do eukaryotic mRNAs have...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14RQCh. 4 - Prob. 15RQCh. 4 - Prob. 16RQCh. 4 - The enzyme activity that forms peptide bonds on...Ch. 4 - Define the types of protein structure: primary,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19RQCh. 4 - Prob. 20RQCh. 4 - Prob. 1AQCh. 4 - Compare and contrast the activity of DNA and RNA...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3AQCh. 4 - In Chapter 10 we will learn about mutations,...
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- If DNA codes for mRNA and mRNA codes for protein, then how can the same DNA sequence generate different proteins? What are the 3 tRNA sites on the small ribosomal subunit (just abbreviations)? What is the order of tRNA entrance and exit through the ribosome?arrow_forwardWhat is a codon? What does it represent?arrow_forwardHow does a eukaryotic ribosome select its start codon? Describe the sequences in eukaryotic mRNA that provide an optimal context for a start codon.arrow_forward
- If there are 64 possible codons in the genetic code and the amino acid is specified by each, as read in the 5’ to 3’ direction from the mRNA sequence, which ones are STOP codons?arrow_forwardWhat is the sequence of bases for the start codon and what amino acid is made?arrow_forwardWhat could be the effect of a deletion, substitution or addition that alters the sequence of the stop codons?arrow_forward
- How many codons are there? How many amino acids are coded by these codons?arrow_forwardHow does placement of a ribosome at the start codon differ in bacteria and eukaryotes? What role do the 59 cap and 39 poly-A tail play in this process in eukaryotes?arrow_forwardUAA is a stop codon. Why does the UAA sequence in the segment of mRNA 5′-G-C-A-U-G-G-A-C-C-C-C-G-U-U-A-U-U-A-A-A-C-A-C-3′not cause protein synthesis to stop?arrow_forward
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