Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 40, Problem 10SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The animals tend to get adaptation to their environment in order to survive themselves. Hypertonic environment of the ocean is the selective pressure that shaped the kidney of these animals most efficiently to remove the toxins with less water. Marine animals live in a hypertonic environment of the ocean. Ocean contains higher solute concentration. Freshwater fish take in water by osmosis, so they produce a large volume of urine. By contrast, marine fish lose water by osmosis and produce little urine.
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Most marine invertebrates are osmotic conformers. How does their body fluid differ from that of sharks and rays, which are also in near osmotic equilibrium with their environment?
Solutes tend to diffuse from a region where they ar_____ concentrated to an adjacent region where they are_______ concentrated. a. more, less c. movement is independent b. less, more of concentration
Compare the values below. Which is greater, or are the two
values equal?
A. Blood osmolarity of a shark
B. Blood osmolarity of a typical marine bony fish
O A is greater than B
O B is greater than A
O the values are equal
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Chapter 40 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 40 - Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDAs...Ch. 40 - Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDAs...Ch. 40 - Prob. 3DAACh. 40 - An insect's ___ deliver nitrogen-rich waste to its...Ch. 40 - Bowman's capsule, the start of the tubular part of...Ch. 40 - Fluid that enters Bowman's capsule flows directly...Ch. 40 - Blood pressure forces water and small solutes into...Ch. 40 - Kidneys return most of the water and small solutes...Ch. 40 - Prob. 6SQCh. 40 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 40 - Match each .structure with a function. _____...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9SQCh. 40 - Prob. 10SQCh. 40 - Prob. 11SQCh. 40 - Prob. 12SQCh. 40 - Prob. 13SQCh. 40 - Prob. 14SQCh. 40 - Prob. 15SQCh. 40 - Like desert rodents such as the kangaroo rat,...Ch. 40 - Compared to closely related species that live in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 3CTCh. 40 - Drinking alcohol inhibits ADH secretion. What...
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- The figure at right illustrates the relationship between body fluid osmotic concentration and environment osmotic concentration for several aquatic animals. In seawater (ambient osmotic pressure = 1000 mOsm), the shrimp is best described as... A. A hypo-ionic regulator B. A hyperosmotic conformer C. A hypo-osmotic regulator D. A euryhaline conformer E. None of the above Blood osmotic pressure (mOsm) 1500 1000 500 0 0 Green crab Mussel Shrimp 500 1000 Ambient osmotic pressure (mOsm) 1500arrow_forward"Frog larva (tadpoles) develop in freshwater lakes and ponds. If a frog was induced to lay its eggs in the ocean instead, the eggs would _____." develop normally; amphibians are equally adapted to freshwater and marine environments absorb an excessive amount of water via osmosis and die lose an excessive amount of water via osmosis and die either B or C depending on the species of the frogarrow_forwardActive uptake of ions The fish in the diagram at right is best described as... A. A hypo-ionic, hypo-osmotic ammonotele B. A hyper-ionic, hyper-osmotic ammonotele C. A hypo-ionic, ureotelic osmoconformer D. An ammonotelic iono- and osmoconformer E. None of the above Ion loss by diffusion 260 mOsmol L-¹ Absorption of ions by intestine Water gain by osmosis 1.0 mOsmol L-¹ Produce large volume of dilute urinearrow_forward
- I. Metabolism is the elimination of metabolic wastes including nitrogenous wastes produced from the breakdown of proteins. II. Diffusion is the movement of water from a region of higher osmolarity to a region of lower osmolarity across a selectively permeable membrane. A. If the two statements are both correct B. If the first statement is correct while the second one is not C. If the second statement is correct while the first one is not D. If the two statements are both incorrect I. The functional units of the kidney where urine is formed. II. Kidneys serve as specialized organs for osmoregulation and excretion A. If the two statements are both correct B. If the first statement is correct while the second one is not C. If the second statement is correct while the first one is not D. If the two statements are both incorrectarrow_forwardHere is a chloride cell in the gill epithelium of a fish. For reference, NKA = Na+/K+ ATPaseNKCC = Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter. What type of fish would you expect to see this type of chloride cell? A. fresh water fish B. salt water fish C. eitherarrow_forwardThe movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by _______ A. Group of answer choices B. active and passive transport. C. diet and weather. D. diffusion and osmosis. E. hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure. F. pinocytosis and phagocytosis.arrow_forward
- A marine shark is best described as... A. A hypo-ionic, hypo-osmotic ammonotele B. A hypo-ionic, ureotelic osmoconformer C. An ammonotelic iono- and osmoconformer D. A uricotelic hyperionic, hyperosmotic regulator E. None of the abovearrow_forwardGive answer to all parts ?arrow_forward2. Na+ K+ CI A™ The diagram below shows two electro-neutral solutions separated by a membrane. Other ions were omitted from the diagram. All concentrations are mM. A is a large impermeant anion. ABCDE A. B. C. D. OUT Assume the membrane becomes equally permeable to K+ and Cl-, and is impermeable to all other solutes. The value of the membrane potential then become approximately E. 100 10 100 0 IN 10 100 10 100 0 mV 60 mV (inside negative) 60 mV (inside positive) 90 mV (inside negative) 90 mV (inside positive)arrow_forward
- .Design an experiment that tests in osmosis the effects of a variable on diffusion rate of a substance. Start by identifying the independent, dependent & controlled variables. Write a hypothesis & a brief summary of how you would conduct the experiment (the procedure or methods).arrow_forwardNonearrow_forwardFreshwater vertebrates ... A. are hyperosmotic regulators. B. produce large volumes of hypoosmotic urtine. C. maintain lower osmolalities of extracellular fluid (blood) compared with marine fishes in order to reduce osmotic water intake. D. are adapted to take in Na+, Cl– and Ca2+ by means of active transport across the gills and skin. E. ALl of the above answer choices correctly complete the sentence.arrow_forward
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