Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 40, Problem 9SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Urine formation starts when glomerular filtration delivers protein-free of plasma into a kidney tubule. Most of the water and solutes return to the blood by the tubular reabsorption machinery. Substances that are not reabsorbed, and which are added to the filtrate by the tubular secretion, end up in the urine. The kidney contributes to the acid-base balance by adjusting the tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate and tubular secretion of H+.
A decline in pH causes an increase in the bicarbonate reabsorption. The bicarbonate moves into peritubular capillaries, where it buffers the excess acid.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A patient has an ADH-secreting pulmonary carcinoma (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion). As a result of unregulated ADH secretion, you would expect to find:
a. retention of water resulting in volume expansion b. low urinary osmolality c. increased renal sodium reabsorption d. high serum sodium concentration e. b and c
A 25-year old woman develops a nonfunctional hypothalamic tumor that results in a complete inability to produce oxytocin. The most likely pathological response to this deficiency is:
a. inability to ovulate b. amenorrhea c. hypertension d. inability to lactate normally e. inability to deliver a child vaginally
Explain well asap
1. Functions of the Urinary System
A. Kidneys regulate blood levels of several ions, most importantly .
(Na+),
_(K+),
_(Ca2+),
_(CI.),
and
_(HPO42-).
B. Kidneys regulate blood pH by secretion of
and reabsorption of
C. Kidneys regulate blood volume by conserving or eliminating
D. Kidneys regulate blood pressure by secreting the enzyme
which
activates the RAA pathway that increases blood pressure.
E. Kidneys help maintain a relatively constant blood osmolarity of
F. Kidneys produce
mOsm/liter.
(active vitamin D) and
- the
hormone that stimulates RBC production.
G. Kidneys can use glutamine (amino acid) to synthesize
H. Kidneys excrete wastes such as
from deamination of amino acids,
from catabolism of hemoglobin,
from breakdown
of creatine phosphate, and
from catabolism of nucleic acids.
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 40 - Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDAs...Ch. 40 - Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDAs...Ch. 40 - Prob. 3DAACh. 40 - An insect's ___ deliver nitrogen-rich waste to its...Ch. 40 - Bowman's capsule, the start of the tubular part of...Ch. 40 - Fluid that enters Bowman's capsule flows directly...Ch. 40 - Blood pressure forces water and small solutes into...Ch. 40 - Kidneys return most of the water and small solutes...Ch. 40 - Prob. 6SQCh. 40 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 40 - Match each .structure with a function. _____...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9SQCh. 40 - Prob. 10SQCh. 40 - Prob. 11SQCh. 40 - Prob. 12SQCh. 40 - Prob. 13SQCh. 40 - Prob. 14SQCh. 40 - Prob. 15SQCh. 40 - Like desert rodents such as the kangaroo rat,...Ch. 40 - Compared to closely related species that live in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 3CTCh. 40 - Drinking alcohol inhibits ADH secretion. What...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- ADh or vassopressin affects water balance in the kidney more specifically it ______ a. Delays water reabsorption a secreting salt b. Inserts aquaPorins into the apical membrane of the cells of Henles Loop c. Increases the active transport of sodium out of the collecting duct d. Insert aquaPorins into the apical membrane of the cells of the collecting ductarrow_forwardCertain types of lung tumors secrete one or more hormones. What would happen to plasma and urine osmolality and urine volume in a patient with a lung tumor that secretes vasopressin? Why?arrow_forwardWhich statement is TRUE. During the micturition reflex, _________. a. stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall results in afferent impulses arriving in the cervical region of the spinal cord b. there is increased activity of the parasympathetic motor neurons that control the smooth muscle of the bladder wall c. the internal sphincter must be consciously relaxed d. the external sphincter relaxes as the result of a parasympathetic reflex e. all of the abovearrow_forward
- 1.What is the role of the renal system in regulating potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid [ECF]? a. Kidneys filter and excrete excess potassium ions into the urine. b. Kidneys respond to aldosterone by not excreting any potassium ions into the urine. c. Kidneys reabsorb all potassium ions into the urine. d. Kidneys excrete water molecules through aquaporins in the collecting duct. 2.Identify the cardiac dysrhythmia most associated with hypomagnesemia.arrow_forward1. Filtration moves _____ and small solutes into kidney tubules.A. waterB. insoluble fiberC. large proteinD. red blood cellsE. fats 2. Which is the correct order of blood flow from entering to exiting the kidney?A. Renal artery-segmental artery-interlobular artery-peritubular capillaries- afferent arteriolesB. Interlobular arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veinsC. Arcuate veins-arcuate arteries- glomerular capillaries- renal veinD. Renal vein-segmental arteries-interlobar arteries- efferent arteriolesE. Interlobar veins- afferent arterioles- efferent arterioles- glomerular capillariesarrow_forward16arrow_forward
- The primary purpose of kidney autoregulatory is to: 1a prevent wide fluctuations in the GFR and inappropriate fluctuations in salt and water excretion prevent proteinurea b. prevent hypotension C. d. prevent tubuloglomerular feedbackarrow_forward. _____ reabsorption from the nephrons is ordinarily 100%.a. Sodium c. Waterb. Glucose d. Ureaarrow_forwardRegulation of filtration ratea. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains relatively constant, but may increase or decrease as required.b. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system can maintain blood pressure with minimal change in GFR.c. When the macula densa senses decreased amounts of chloride, potassium, and sodium ions in the last part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop, it causes juxtaglomerular cells to release renin.d. Renin release triggers a series of changes leading to vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent arterioles, which minimizes any decrease in glomerular filtration rate, and also stimulates aldosterone secretion,which stimulates tubular sodium reabsorption.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE concerning renal handling of potassium? a. A high potassium meal will cause enhanced basolateral uptake via sodium-potassium pumps b. Most potassium reabsorption occurs at the distal tubules c. Aldosterone enhances potassium reabsorption at the proximal tubule d. Potassium is not filtered, so urinary excretion of potassium will only occur by stimulating potassium secretion e. Decreased extracellular potassium concentration increases aldosterone production and thereby reduces potassium secretionarrow_forwardwhich of the following is NOT describing the homeostatic function of renal system? Select one: a. Not effective in regulation of acid-base balance b. Very effective in regulation of arterial blood pressure c. Secretion of insulin d. No role in gluconeogenesis e. Regulation of blood glucosearrow_forwardthe vasa recta participate in --------- , since they are freely permeable to small solutes and water surrounding the Loops of Henle deep into the iner medullary tissue of the kidneys. A. protein lysis b. re-absorption of glucose c. glomerular filtration rate d. concurrect exchangearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781337408332Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781337408332
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
TISSUE REPAIR Part 1: Repair - Regeneration; Author: ilovepathology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-5EjlS6qjk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY