Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
Cis–trans isomerism (or) geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism:
The two similar groups (or higher priority groups) are in same side in double bond of
(b)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
(e)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
(f)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
Cis–trans isomerism (or) geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism:
The two similar groups (or higher priority groups) are in same side in double bond of alkenes is called as cis isomer (or Z-isomer). Two similar groups (or higher priority groups) are opposite side in double bond of alkenes is called as trans isomer (or E-isomer).
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Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK ESSENTIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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