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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mole fractions of the solute and solvent for a solute of molality 0.100 mol kg−1 has to be determined and so the change in the chemical potential of the solvent caused by the solute has to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Chemical potential:
The chemical potential tell us how the Gibbs Free energy will vary with the number of moles ni of component i holding temperature, pressure, and the number of moles of all other components constant. For a pure substance, the chemical potential is equal to its molar Gibbs Free energy.
μi = (∂ G∂ ni)T,P,ni,j where,μi Chemical potentialG Gibbs free energyT TemperatureP Pressure
Molality (m): Molality is the number of moles of solute present in one kilogram of solvent.
Molality (m) =Number of moles of solute1kg of solvent
A mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture is the ratio of number of moles of particular molecule to the sum of number of moles of all molecules in the mixture. Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of three molecules (A, B and C) is,
molecule fraction of A, ( χA) = numbers of moles of molecule A (nA)total number of moles (nA+nB+nC)
The equation which relates the molality with the mole fraction of solute is,
Molality (m) = xB1−xB × 1000(molar mass of solvent) Where,xB : mole fraction of solute
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Elements Of Physical Chemistry
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