The slope of the solid-liquid phase boundary of water on a pressure-temperature phase diagram has to be determined. Concept Introduction: For the solid-liquid phase boundary, Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be written as d P d T = Δ f u s H T f Δ f u s V = Δ f u s S Δ f u s V Where, Δ f u s S = Δ f u s H T f Δ f u s V = V m ( l ) − V m ( s ) V m = M a s s D e n s i t y V m ( s ) = Molar volume of solid V m ( l ) = Molar volume of liquid Δ f u s V = Volume of fusion Δ f u s S = Entropy of fusion Δ f u s H = Enthalpy of fusion T f = Fusion temperature

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Chapter 4, Problem 4.3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The slope of the solid-liquid phase boundary of water on a pressure-temperature phase diagram has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

For the solid-liquid phase boundary, Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be written as

dPdT= ΔfusHTf ΔfusV= ΔfusSΔfusV

Where,

ΔfusS= ΔfusHTf ΔfusV = Vm(l) − Vm(s) Vm= MassDensity

Vm(s)= Molar volume of solid

Vm(l) = Molar volume of liquid

ΔfusV= Volume of fusion

ΔfusS= Entropy of fusion

ΔfusH= Enthalpy of fusion

Tf = Fusion temperature

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pressure required to lower the melting point of ice by 1∘C has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

For the solid-liquid phase boundary, Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be written as

Where,

ΔfusS= ΔfusHTf ΔfusV = Vm(l) − Vm(s) Vm= MassDensity

Vm(s)= Molar volume of solid

Vm(l) = Molar volume of liquid

ΔfusV= Volume of fusion

ΔfusS= Entropy of fusion

ΔfusH= Enthalpy of fusion

Tf = Fusion temperature

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