Chapter 4, Problem 4.20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A plot of temperature-composition diagram of the given mixture of octane and toluene has to be drawn and the composition of the vapour in equilibrium with the liquid of composition $x_{Toluene}=0.250$ has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture is the ratio of number of moles of particular molecule to the sum of number of moles of all molecules in the mixture. Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of three molecules (A, B and C) is,

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{molecule}\text{fraction}\text{of}\text{A,}\text{(}{\text{χ}}_{\text{A}}\text{) }\text{=}\frac{\text{numbers}\text{of moles of}\text{molecule A}{\text{(n}}_{\text{A}}\text{)}}{\text{total number of moles}{\text{(n}}_{\text{A}}{\text{+n}}_{\text{B}}{\text{+n}}_{\text{C}}\text{) }}\\ \\ {\text{χ}}_{\text{A}}+{\text{χ}}_B+{\text{χ}}_C=1\end{array}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A plot of temperature-composition diagram of the given mixture of octane and toluene has to be drawn and the composition of the vapour in equilibrium with the liquid of composition $x_{oc\tan e}=0.250$ has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture is the ratio of number of moles of particular molecule to the sum of number of moles of all molecules in the mixture. Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of three molecules (A, B and C) is,

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{molecule}\text{fraction}\text{of}\text{A,}\text{(}{\text{χ}}_{\text{A}}\text{) }\text{=}\frac{\text{numbers}\text{of moles of}\text{molecule A}{\text{(n}}_{\text{A}}\text{)}}{\text{total number of moles}{\text{(n}}_{\text{A}}{\text{+n}}_{\text{B}}{\text{+n}}_{\text{C}}\text{) }}\\ \\ {\text{χ}}_{\text{A}}+{\text{χ}}_B+{\text{χ}}_C=1\end{array}$