
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The partial vapour pressure of acetone for the mixture has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Raoult’s law:
The partial vapour pressure of a substance in a liquid mixture is proportional to its mole fraction in the mixture and its vapour pressure when pure.
Mathematically, it can be represented as
Where,
(b)
Interpretation:
The partial vapour pressure of chloroform for the mixture has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Raoult’s law:
The partial vapour pressure of a substance in a liquid mixture is proportional to its mole fraction in the mixture and its vapour pressure when pure.
Mathematically, it can be represented as
Where,
Suppose two substances A and B mix together to form an ideal-dilute solution, then
Total pressure of the mixture (P)
Where,
(c)
Interpretation:
The Henry’s law constant of chloroform has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Henry’s law:
The vapour pressure of a volatile solute A is proportional to its mole fraction in a solution.
Mathematically, it can be represented as
Where,
(d)
Interpretation:
The interactions between acetone and chloroform in the liquid mixture has to be described.
Concept Introduction:
Ideal solution:
Ideal Solutions obey Raoult’s Law at every range of concentration and at all temperatures.
Non-ideal solution:
Non-ideal solutions don’t obey Raoult’s Law at every range of concentration and at all temperatures.
Non-ideal solutions are of two types. One is showing positive deviation and another one is showing negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
Positive deviation from Raoult’s law:
This occurs when vapour pressure of the component is greater than what is expected in Raoult’s law. So the solute-solvent forces of attraction are weaker than solute-solute and solvent-solvent interaction.
Negative deviation from Raoult’s law:
This occurs when total vapour pressure is less than what is expected in Raoult’s law. So the solute-solvent forces of attraction are stronger than solute-solute and solvent-solvent interaction.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
Elements Of Physical Chemistry
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