
(a)
Interpretation:
Electron-dot structures for
Concept introduction:
Electron-dot structure:
This is only way to show the sharing of electrons between atom in polar covalent bonds or covalent bond. This is often called Lewis structure. This structure denotes valence electrons of an atom by dots and also it shows the way of valence electron distributed within a molecule.
(b)
Interpretation:
Electron added to
Concept introduction:
Principle quantum number (n):
The principle quantum number specifies the main energy level which is occupied by an electron.
For example,
Angular momentum quantum number denotes the shape of the orbital of an atom.
The number of shape of the orbital possible is equal to n for definite main energy level. The allowed values are zero to
(c)
Interpretation:
Concept introduction:
Electron affinity:
Electron affinity is amount of energy released when electron is added to an atom. In the periodic table electron affinity increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
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