Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4.65E
What is the change in the chemical potential of a system if
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Calculate the osmotic potential of a 30 mM sodium chloride solution at 20.5 °C. The unit of the result is MPa.
A student determines the value of the equilibrium constant to be 1.5297 x 107 for the following reaction:
HBr(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) --> HCl(g) +1/2 Br2(g)
Based on this value of Keq, calculate the Gibbs free energy change for the reaction of 2.37 moles of HBr(g) at standard conditions at 298 K.
Write an expression for the chemical potential of a pure liquid and a solution. Identify which is smaller and why.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 4 - List the sets of conditions that allow dS, dU, and...Ch. 4 - Explain why conditions for using S>0 as a strict...Ch. 4 - Explain how the equation dU+pdVTdS0 is consistent...Ch. 4 - Explain why the spontaneity conditions given in...Ch. 4 - Prove that the adiabatic free expansion of an...Ch. 4 - Derive equation 4.6 from equation 4.5.Ch. 4 - Derive equation 4.8 from equation 4.7.Ch. 4 - The third part of equation 4.9 mentions a...Ch. 4 - Calculate A for a process in which 0.160mole of an...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum amount of non-pV work that can...
Ch. 4 - Consider a piston whose compression ratio is 10:1;...Ch. 4 - When one dives, water pressure increases by 1atm...Ch. 4 - Calculate G(25C) for this chemical reaction, which...Ch. 4 - Thermodynamic properties can also be determined...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - For the reaction C(graphite)C(diamond) at 25C,...Ch. 4 - Determine G for the following reaction at 0C and...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum amount of electrical that is,...Ch. 4 - When a person performs work, it is non-pV work....Ch. 4 - Can non-pV work be obtained from a process for...Ch. 4 - Can pV work be obtained from a process for which...Ch. 4 - Batteries are chemical systems that can be used to...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - Under what conditions is A=0 for a phase change?...Ch. 4 - Example 4.2 calculated A for one step of a Carnot...Ch. 4 - Can CV and Cp be easily defined using the natural...Ch. 4 - Analogous to equation 4.26, what is the expression...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.30ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.31ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.32ECh. 4 - Although ideally, U=H=0 for a gas-phase process at...Ch. 4 - Use equations 4.21 and 4.25 to explain why H and G...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.35ECh. 4 - Which of the following functions are exact...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.37ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.38ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.39ECh. 4 - Equation 4.19 says that (UV)S=p If we are...Ch. 4 - For an isentropic process, what is the approximate...Ch. 4 - Use the ideal gas law to demonstrate the cyclic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.44ECh. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for an ideal gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for a van der Waals gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous exercise for a gas that...Ch. 4 - Determine an expression for (p/S)T for an ideal...Ch. 4 - Determine the value of the derivative {[(G)]/T}p...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.50ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.51ECh. 4 - A 0.988-mole sample of argon expands from 25.0L to...Ch. 4 - A 3.66-mol sample of He contracts from 15.5L to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.55ECh. 4 - Use the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation to demonstrate...Ch. 4 - For the equation 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)...Ch. 4 - Use equation 4.46 as an example and find an...Ch. 4 - What is the value of G when 1.00mol of water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.60ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.61ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.62ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.63ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.64ECh. 4 - What is the change in the chemical potential of a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.66ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.67ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.68ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.69ECh. 4 - Can equation 4.62 be used to calculate for an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.71ECh. 4 - Of helium and oxygen gases, which one do you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.73ECh. 4 - Use equation 4.39 to determine a numerical value...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.75ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.76E
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Actually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forwardCalculate the standard Gibbs free energy in kJ mol–1.arrow_forwardConsider the oxidation of a generic metal M into a metal oxide as shown in the reaction. 2 M(s) +0,(g) → M,0,(s) For this reaction, AHn = -5.919 kJ/mol and ASan = 12.37 J/(mol·K) at 298 K. What is the standard change in Gibbs free energy for the reaction in the forward direction? AGixn = kJ/molarrow_forward
- Provide the formal definition of enthalpy and explain all symbols used in it. Explain how the change in enthalpy is related to certain thermodynamic property (other than Gibbs energy).arrow_forwardConsider the following reaction at 25°C: 3 Ni(s) + N²(g) + 3 H2O(g) → 3 NiO(s) + 2NH:(g) where K = 6.74 x 104 At what partial pressure of ammonia will one be able to get out 11.5 kJ/mol of Gibbs free energy from this reaction when the rest of the mixture contains 57.6 g NiO, 182.3 g Ni, 8.54 atm of nitrogen gas, and 10.07 atm of water vapor? (Enter the partial pressure using two significant figures.)arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant for the reaction N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇋ 2 NH3(g) is 2.13 × 106 at 288 K and 1.75 × 105 at 308 K. Calculate the standard reaction enthalpy, assuming it to be constant over this temperature range.arrow_forward
- In making homemade ice cream, NaCl, MgCl2, and CaCO3 are the salts that are used to be dissolved in an ice-water mixture to lower the temperature of the mixture. The mixture will be then used to freeze ice cream. Which salt will be much more effective in lowering the temperature of the ice-water mixture considering that equal masses of each salt are to be compared? Use the basis of 100g (Kf,water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)arrow_forwardFor a certain chemical reaction, the equilibrium constant K Round your answer to 2 significant digits. AG° = | KJ x10 X = 5.1 × 106 at 25.0 °C. Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction.arrow_forwardCalculate the Gibbs free energy of the reaction from mixing 50 mL each of 0.50 M AgNO3(aq) solution and 1 M of NaCl(aq) to form AgCl(s) at 25°. The Ksp of AgCl is 6.0 × 10—11 at 25 °C.arrow_forward
- In vacuum distillation, the surrounding pressure inside a chamber is lowered so the solvent boils at a lower temperature. This is useful when isolating compounds that are temperature-sensitive. To what pressure must a chamber be reduced to distill methanol (ΔvapH = 38.56 kJ/mol, TBP = 351 K) at 25.0°C?arrow_forwardUse the following data to calculate the enthalpy of solution of potassium chloride, KCl; AfH (8)=-436.7 kJ/mol A, H(aq, 1 m) = -419.5 kJ/mol Enthalpy = kJ/molarrow_forwardFor a certain chemical reaction, the equilibrium constant K = 8.3 × 10 Round your answer to 2 significant digits. -6 at 5.00 °C. Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction. AG° kJ ☐ x10arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Solutions: Crash Course Chemistry #27; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h2f1Bjr0p4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY