Chapter 4, Problem 4.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The flow-chart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. Also, the degree of freedom analysis is to be done on the given system using atomic balance.

Concept introduction:

A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.

Degree of freedom analysis is the procedure to analyze any missing information needed for material balance calculations. The procedure involves complete labelling of the flowchart representing the process and then determining number of unknown variables $\left(n_{\text{unknowns}}\right)$ and independent equations $\left(n_{\text{indep eqns}\text{.}}\right)$ from that flowchart.

Mathematically, degree of freedom $\left(n_{\text{df}}\right)$ is formulated as:

$n_{\text{df}}=n_{\text{unknowns}}-n_{\text{indep eqns}\text{.}}$ .....(1)

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molar flow of oxygen supplied to the boiler is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is the calculation of the reactants and the products involved in aa chemical reaction. It is based on the law of mass conservation. According to the stoichiometry, total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The remaining molar flowrates in the given process are to be determined along with the molar composition of the flue gas on a dry basis.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is the calculation of the reactants and the products involved in aa chemical reaction. It is based on the law of mass conservation. According to the stoichiometry, total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.

Mole fraction $\left(y_i\right)$ of any component is given by:

$y_i=\frac{n_i}{\sum n_i}$ .....(3)

Here, $n_i$ is the moles of component $i$ and $\sum n_i$ is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Molar composition on a dry basis means that the composition of any mixture free from its moisture contents.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Two safety or environmental issues that must be considered in the construction and operation of such plants are to be listed.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Two pros and two cons of using pure oxygen despite of air are to be listed.