
List the sets of conditions that allow

Interpretation:
The sets of conditions that allow
Concept introduction:
The spontaneous process can be defined as the process in which the free energy is released and the system moves to an energy state which is thermodynamically more stable.
Answer to Problem 4.1E
The spontaneity condition in terms of entropy is given at the constant internal energy and constant volume by the expression,
At constant volume and constant entropy, the condition for spontaneity is given in terms of internal energy as,
At constant pressure and entropy, the condition for spontaneity is given in terms of enthalpy as,
Explanation of Solution
The derivation of the spontaneity condition
Thus, according to the first law of thermodynamics
Thus,
The infinitesimal change in entropy is given by the expression,
According to the Clausius theorem, the entropy change is given by the expression,
This expression can be rewritten using the
At constant volume and constant entropy, the condition for spontaneity is given in terms of internal energy as,
For enthalpy the expression,
At constant pressure and entropy, the condition for spontaneity is given in terms of enthalpy as,
The spontaneity condition in terms of entropy is given at the constant internal energy and constant volume by the expression,
At constant volume and constant entropy, the condition for spontaneity is given in terms of internal energy as,
At constant pressure and entropy, the condition for spontaneity is given in terms of enthalpy as,
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
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- Physical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning

