(a) Interpretation: The oxidation state of all atoms in nitrogen oxide should be assigned. Concept introduction: The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction . In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements. Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases. Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases. Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element. Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Question

Draw curved arrows for the following reaction step. Arrow-pushing Instructions CH3 CH3 H H-O-H +/ H3C-C+ H3C-C-0: CH3 CH3 H

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 39QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in nitrogen oxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in ammonia should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in potassium peroxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in chlorate ion ( ClO3− )should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

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Draw curved arrows for the following reaction step. Arrow-pushing Instructions CH3 CH3 H H-O-H +/ H3C-C+ H3C-C-0: CH3 CH3 H

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 39QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in nitrogen oxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in ammonia should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in potassium peroxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in chlorate ion ( ClO3− )should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 39QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in nitrogen oxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in ammonia should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in potassium peroxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in chlorate ion ( ClO3− )should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 39QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in nitrogen oxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in ammonia should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in potassium peroxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in chlorate ion ( ClO3− )should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 39QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in nitrogen oxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in ammonia should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in potassium peroxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in chlorate ion ( ClO3− )should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 39QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in nitrogen oxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 39QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in nitrogen oxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in ammonia should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in ammonia should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in potassium peroxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in potassium peroxide should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in chlorate ion ( ClO3− )should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in chlorate ion ( ClO3− )should be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons takes place, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons takes place, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the number assigned to the elements in a chemical combination and this number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 14

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