Chapter 4, Problem 2Q

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The combustion of coal release several substances into the air. Of these substances, one is a gas that is produced in large amounts; its chemical formula and name have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

A fuel is a substance which releases energy in the form of heat while undergoing combustion. Hydrocarbons which have high heats of combustion make it a best fuel.

The general equation for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon is written below,

${\text{\_ C}}_{\text{x}}{\text{H}}_{\text{y}}\text{+}{\text{\_ O}}_{\text{2}}\to \text{\_}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\text{+}\text{\_}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Coal is a good fuel becouse it is completely made up of carbon atoms. It is a fossil fuel.

Coals can be classified and graded according to the carbon percent and the impurity percent such as sulfur.

Anthracite coal has high carbon content.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The combustion of coal release several substances into the air. In contrast, the amount of sulfur dioxide released is relatively small. Even so, this $S{O}_2$ is of concern. The reason behind this has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

A fuel is a substance which releases energy in the form of heat while undergoing combustion. Hydrocarbons which have high heats of combustion make it a best fuel.

The general equation for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon is written below,

${\text{\_ C}}_{\text{x}}{\text{H}}_{\text{y}}\text{+}{\text{\_ O}}_{\text{2}}\to \text{\_}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\text{+}\text{\_}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Coal is a good fuel becouse it is completely made up of carbon atoms. It is a fossil fuel.

Coals can be classified and graded according to the carbon percent and the impurity percent such as sulfur.

Anthracite coal has high carbon content.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The combustion of coal release several substances into the air. $NO$ is also produced in the combustion reaction of coal. Even coal contains a very little amount of Nitrogen, the origin of nitrogen in NO has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Heat of combustion: It is also known as potential heat of fuel. Heat of combustion of carbon depends on its allotropic form.

A fuel is a substance which releases energy in the form of heat while undergoing combustion. Hydrocarbons which have high heats of combustion make it a best fuel.

Coal is a good fuel becouse it is completely made up of carbon atoms. It is a fossil fuel.

Coals can be classified and graded according to the carbon percent and the impurity percent such as sulfur.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The combustion of coal release several substances into the air. When coal burns, fine particles of soot may be released. The health concerns with $P{M}_{2.5}$ which is the smallest of these particles, have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Heat of combustion: It is also known as potential heat of fuel. Heat of combustion of carbon depends on its allotropic form.

A fuel is a substance which releases energy in the form of heat while undergoing combustion. Hydrocarbons which have high heats of combustion make it a best fuel.

Coal is a good fuel becouse it is completely made up of carbon atoms. It is a fossil fuel.

Coals can be classified and graded according to the carbon percent and the impurity percent such as sulfur.

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are $<10\mu m$ in size. Dust, smoke and soot are examples.

$P{M}_{2.5}$ is fine particles and deposit in deeper lung.