Chapter 4, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bond-line formula for each of the given compounds is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

Bond-line formula is a way to represent a molecular structure with a line denoting a covalent bond. In an organic compound, each end point in a line represents a carbon, and hydrogen is not written. Heteroatoms are written using bond-line formulas.

The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

The parent chain is numbered from that end that is closest to the substituent.

If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given.

If there are two or more different substituents they are listed in alphabetical order using the base name

The name of the alkane is derived from the parent chain with a prefix of the substituent along with their position on the chain.

For naming the cyclic organic compounds, the word “cyclo” is used as prefix.

For alkenes, suffix “ene” is used.

For naming bicyclo-compounds:

Compounds containing two fixed or bridged rings are known as bicycloalkanes.

Then number of carbon atoms in each bridge is written in square brackets in decreasing order.

For numbering substituent groups, start numbering from the longest chain, then the moderate chain, and at last, the shortest chain.

The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers.

In double bond or cyclic compounds, if two same functional groups are present on the same side of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as cis.

If the two functional groups are present on the different sides of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as Trans.

Cis-trans isomerism exists in the compounds in which similar groups are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.