Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321885326
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 16TYK
Describe the pathway of the protein hormone insulin from its gene to its export from a cell of your pancreas.
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In some forms of diabetes, a mutation in the b subunit of the insulin receptor abolishes the enzymatic activity of that subunit. How does the mutation affect the cell’s response to insulin? Can additional insulin (e.g., from injections) overcome the defect?
Secretin and CCK appear to act synergistically in stimulating pancreatic amylase release. Can you propose a cellular basis for this energy, taking into account the signaling pathways activated by each, and the features of the acinar cells that they stimulate?
A certain type of tumor results in the overproduction of glucagon. Researchers claim that treatment with insulin can counteract the effects of the excess glucagon on the pathway shown in Figure 2. Provide reasoning to justify the researchers' claim.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Label the structures in this diagram of an animal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4 - Which of the following clues would tell you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 4 - What four cellular components are shared by...Ch. 4 - Describe two different ways in which cilia can...Ch. 4 - In which cell would you find the most lysosomes?...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 4 - In which cell would you find the most...Ch. 4 - In what ways do the internal membranes of a...Ch. 4 - Is this statement true or false? Animal cells have...Ch. 4 - Describe the structure of the plasma membrane of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 4 - Describe the pathway of the protein hormone...Ch. 4 - How might the phrase ingested but not digested be...Ch. 4 - Cilia are found on cells in almost every organ of...Ch. 4 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Microtubules often produce...
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- Insulin signals activate all of the following enzymes except: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) Protein kinase B (PKB; or Akt) All of the above enzymes are activated by insulin signals Citrate move in and out of mitochondria via a specific transport protein. What would happen if aninhibitor completely inhibited this transport system? Fatty acid biosynthesis would slow down Ketone body synthesis would slow down Both A and B Neither A nor Barrow_forwardThe hormone interacts with the metabotropic receptor, as a result of further implementation of the hormonal signal in the cell, the amount of the secondary messenger of Ca2+ ions increased. List the intracellular components and the scheme of implementation of the hormonal signal in the cell according to the system. What types of regulation of enzymatic processes in the cell will be implemented as a result of the effect of the hormone specified in the condition of the problem?arrow_forwardWhich of the following labeled cells in the photomicrograph shown synthesizes antimullerian hormone? A B C D Earrow_forward
- People with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are generally not ketosis prone. This is thought to be a result of: the lack of increase in glucagons in the se individuals the presence of insulin in the individuals their obesity the fact that, their blood glucose levels do not tend to rise significantly Metabolic actions of insulin include all of the following except: increased glycogenesis decreased gluconeogenesis increased basal metabolic rate increased skeletal muscle amino acid up-take all of the above are metabolic actions of insulinarrow_forwardExplain insulin's signal transduction pathways and trace the pathway of cell signaling from the cell surface receptor to its effects on transcription. In your answer, be sure to describe the cell surface receptor and its ligand, the intracellular signaling pathway, and the regulation of this pathway, or the processes by which the signal is terminated. Also remember that the signaling pathway you describe must go to the nucleus and affect transcription.arrow_forwardEpinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown by activating glycogen phosphorylase. However, in the research lab, no glycogen breakdown occurred when epinephrine was added to a test tube containing the enzyme and its substrate, glycogen. Explain why glycogen phosphorylase could be activated by epinephrine only when the hormone was added to intact cells in a solution.arrow_forward
- 1. Please explain the picture using the following terms: Receptor, (G protein or ligand-gated ion channel) Protein kinases and phosphorylation Secondary messengers Response (DNA to protein = expression of a protein/trait/action by a cell)arrow_forwardWhy is it physiologically advantageous for the pancreas to use GLUT2, with a high Ky glucose entry into ß cells? M, as the transporter that allows GLUT2 is a low-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, insulin is only released in response to elevated circulating glucose levels. GLUT2 is a low-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, glucagon is only released in response to elevated circulating glucose levels. GLUT2 is a high-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, glucagon is released continuously in response to the constant rate of glucose uptake. GLUT2 is a high-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, insulin is released continuously in response to the constant rate of glucose uptake.arrow_forwardGluT transporters are responsible for passive transport of Glucose into the cell to yield G-6-P that cannot exit the cell; in liver cells this process is always regulated by insulin. True or Falsearrow_forward
- Which of the following is FALSE about Insulin? O Zinc plays a role in the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin and binds insulin in the hexameric form. O Type 2 diabetes patients are resistant to the effects of Insulin. O Animal-sourced insulin (taken from the pancreases of pigs) is currently the largest and safest source of insulin production. O Lispro insulin is fast acting because it is mutated to prevent dimerization.arrow_forwardIslet cells in the pancreas are actively synthesizing and secreting insulin into the bloodstream. A scientist purifies different membranous fractions of these islet cells. In which fraction would she find insulin or its intermediates?arrow_forwardUnder which of the following conditions would you NOT expect gluconeogenesis to occur? in response to cortisol in response to glucagon when ATP levels are low when glucose levels are low when fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is activatedarrow_forward
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