Chapter 4, Problem 16CTQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among below molecules, molecules that are capable of hydrogen bonding to them should be determined.

  

Concept introduction: Intermolecular forces are types of forces that are responsible to hold atoms together in molecule. There are various types of intermolecular forces as follows:

1. Hydrogen bonding:

As is evident from its name, these types of forces exist if hydrogen is present. Such forces are present when hydrogen atom bonds with highly electronegative elements like $\text{N}$ , $\text{O}$ and $\text{F}$ . It is of two types: intramolecular and intermolecular. $\text{HF}$ forms hydrogen bonding with water.

2. Ion-dipole forces:

This force exists between ion and molecules with dipole moment in them. Attraction exists between ion and oppositely charged end of dipole.

3. Ion-induced dipole forces:

When an ion approaches non-polar molecule, it induces temporary dipole in it. Ion gets attracted towards oppositely charged part of dipole induced in molecule.

4. Dispersion forces:

These forces are also known as induced dipole-induced dipole or van der Waals forces. Such forces are present between various atoms and molecules. These are observed generally in non-polar molecules, halogens, and noble gases.