Encryption systems with erroneous ciphertexts. In cryptography, ciphertext is encrypted or encoded text that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper algorithm to decrypt it into plain text. The impact of erroneous ciphertexts on the performance of an encryption system was investigated in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (April 2013). For one data encryption system, the
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Statistics for Business and Economics (13th Edition)
- The probability that it will rain on any given day is 0.20, and the probability is independent from day to day. You are trying to decide whether or not to make a tee time tomorrow to play golf. This requires a commitment on your part of turning down, say, movie tickets in favor of playing golf. If you accept the tickets, you also make the commitment not to go golfing. There is a weather forecast that signals whether it will rain tomorrow or not. There is a 0.80 probability that it rains when there is a "rainy" forecast and a 0.125 probability of rain when there is a "sunny" forecast. The overall probability of getting a "rainy" forecast is 0.111. Assume you are risk neutral. You place the following monetary values on the potential outcomes: a sunny day at the golf course a rainy day at the movies a rainy day at home $95 $20 -$18 a sunny day at $1 the movies a. If you have no weather forecast, evaluate the expected value of planning to golf and planning to go to the movies. What is the…arrow_forwardInsurance: An insurance company sells a 1-year term life insurance policy to an 84-year-old man. The man pays a premium of $1600. If he dies within 1 year, the company will pay $33,000 to his beneficiary. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the probability that an 84-year-old man will be alive 1 year later is 0.9537, Let X be the profit made by the insurance company. do Part: 0/2 Part 1 of 2 (a) Find the probability distribution. The probability distribution is 1600 P (x)arrow_forwardDavid Barnes and his fiancée Valerie Shah are visiting Hawaii. At the Hawaiian Cultural Center in Honolulu, they are told that 2 out of a group of 8 people will be randomly picked for a free lesson of a Tahitian dance a. What is the probability that both David and Valerie get picked for the Tahitian dance lesson? (round 4 decimal places) b. What is the probability that Valerie gets picked before David for the Tahitian dance lesson? (round 4 decimal places)arrow_forward
- Two coins are tossed 500 times, and we get: i) Two heads: 105 times ii) One head: 275 times iii) No head: 120 times Find the probability of each eventarrow_forwardSuppose A and B are two events with probabilities: P(A) = .30, P(B°) = .45, P(AN B) = .15. Find the following: а) Р(A U B). b) Р (4°). с) Р(B).arrow_forwardIndustry standards suggest that 12 percent of new vehicles require warranty service within the first year. University Toyota in Morgantown, WV sold 10 Toyotas yesterday. What is the probability that exactly one of these vehicles will require warranty service?arrow_forward
- Halsen, a marketing manager at Business X, has determined four possible strategies (X1, X2, X3, and X4) for promoting the Product X in London. She also knows that major competitor Product Y has 4 competitive actions (Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4) it’s using to promote its product in London, too. Ms. Halsen has no previous knowledge that would allow her to determine probabilities of success of any of the four strategies. She formulates the matrix below to show the various Business X strategies and the resulting profit, depending on the competitive action used by Business Y. Determine which strategy Ms. Halsen should select using. Maximax, maximin or minimax regret? Business X Strategy Business Y Strategy Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 X1 25 57 21 26 X2 17 29 20 34 X3 47 31 32 37 X4 35 27 30 35arrow_forwardAn author is trying to choose between two publishing companies that are competing for the marketing rights to her new novel. Company A has offered the author $10,000 plus $2 per book sold. Company B has offered the author $2,000 plus $4 per book sold. The author believes that four levels of demand for the book are possible are: 1,000, 2,000, 3000 and 5000 books are sold. If the probabilities of each level of demand are as follows: Demand Probability 1000 0.31 2000 0.32 3000 0.25 5000 0.12 Construct the payoff table for each level of demand for company X and company Y. What are the expected monetary value (EMV) and expected opportunity loss (EOL)? Hence determine the best decision that this author should do.arrow_forwardPlease do not give solution in image format thanku Two Manufacturers supply food to a large cafeteria. Manufacturer A supplies 40% of the soup served in the cafeteria, while Manufacturer B supplies 60% of the soup that is served. 3% of the soup cans provided by Manufacturer A are found to be dented, while 1% of the cans provided by Manufacturer B are found to be dented. Given that a can of soup is dented, find the probability that it came from Manufacturer B.arrow_forward
- 2.4 The opening 2018 World Cup odds against being the winning team specified by espn.com were 9/2 for Germany, 5/1 for Brazil, 11/2 for France, 20/1 for England, and 7/1 for Spain. Find the corresponding prior probabilities of winning for these five teams.arrow_forwardYou work at a mechanic shop. 40% of cars that come in have a flat tire. If there are 50 cars in the shop, what is the probability that more than 30 have a flat tire? Round to three decimal points.arrow_forwardA biometric security device using fingerprints erroneously refuses to admit 3 in 1,500 authorized persons from a facility containing classified information. The device will erroneously admit 3 in 1,005,000 unauthorized persons. Assume that 98 percent of those who seek access are authorized. If the alarm goes off and a person is refused admission, what is the probability that the person was really authorized?arrow_forward
- Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage Learning