The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area during the 12-month period. Introduction: Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through the red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 35, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area during the 12-month period.

Introduction: Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through the red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Person T had multiple fractures in her legs and arms. At the age of six, she underwent a surgery in order to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her brittle, easily breakable bones are a symptom of a genetic disorder called Osteogenesis imperfecta. It is caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes. During the development of bones, collagen forms a scaffold for the deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The development of scaffolds is inappropriately formed in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta.

Refer Fig. 35.10, “A clinical trial of a drug treatment for Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” in the textbook. The researchers had conducted clinical trials by testing a new drug for the treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta. The clinical trial was carried out for a period of 12 months. They selected children under two years old. A comparison was also done between treated and untreated controls. The treated group contained nine children who were administered with the new drug and untreated group was the control group that contained six children. The vertebral area was also calculated before and afterward the treatment. The fractures that took place during the 12 months of the trial were also noted.

The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area after the 12-month period was nine. This is because all the treated children had a sudden increase in the vertebral area in cm². For example, Child 3 initially had a vertebral area of about 6.7 and the final vertebral area was about 16.5. Also, the overall mean calculation was initially 11.4 and was increased to 14.9 after the treatment.

Conclusion

All the nine treated children showed an increase in the vertebral area after 12-month period of the study.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 35, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area during the 12-month period.

Introduction: Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through the red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Person T had multiple fractures in her legs and arms. At the age of six, she underwent a surgery in order to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her brittle, easily breakable bones are a symptom of a genetic disorder called Osteogenesis imperfecta. It is caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes. During the development of bones, collagen forms a scaffold for the deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The development of scaffolds is inappropriately formed in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta.

Refer Fig. 35.10, “A clinical trial of a drug treatment for Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” in the textbook. The researchers had conducted clinical trials by testing a new drug for the treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta. The clinical trial was carried out for a period of 12 months. They selected children under two years old. A comparison was also done between treated and untreated controls. The treated group contained nine children who were administered with the new drug and untreated group was the control group that contained six children. The vertebral area was also calculated before and afterward the treatment. The fractures that took place during the 12 months of the trial were also noted.

The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area after the 12-month period was nine. This is because all the treated children had a sudden increase in the vertebral area in cm². For example, Child 3 initially had a vertebral area of about 6.7 and the final vertebral area was about 16.5. Also, the overall mean calculation was initially 11.4 and was increased to 14.9 after the treatment.

Conclusion

All the nine treated children showed an increase in the vertebral area after 12-month period of the study.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 35, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area during the 12-month period.

Introduction: Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through the red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Person T had multiple fractures in her legs and arms. At the age of six, she underwent a surgery in order to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her brittle, easily breakable bones are a symptom of a genetic disorder called Osteogenesis imperfecta. It is caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes. During the development of bones, collagen forms a scaffold for the deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The development of scaffolds is inappropriately formed in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta.

Refer Fig. 35.10, “A clinical trial of a drug treatment for Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” in the textbook. The researchers had conducted clinical trials by testing a new drug for the treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta. The clinical trial was carried out for a period of 12 months. They selected children under two years old. A comparison was also done between treated and untreated controls. The treated group contained nine children who were administered with the new drug and untreated group was the control group that contained six children. The vertebral area was also calculated before and afterward the treatment. The fractures that took place during the 12 months of the trial were also noted.

The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area after the 12-month period was nine. This is because all the treated children had a sudden increase in the vertebral area in cm². For example, Child 3 initially had a vertebral area of about 6.7 and the final vertebral area was about 16.5. Also, the overall mean calculation was initially 11.4 and was increased to 14.9 after the treatment.

Conclusion

All the nine treated children showed an increase in the vertebral area after 12-month period of the study.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 35, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area during the 12-month period.

Introduction: Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through the red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Person T had multiple fractures in her legs and arms. At the age of six, she underwent a surgery in order to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her brittle, easily breakable bones are a symptom of a genetic disorder called Osteogenesis imperfecta. It is caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes. During the development of bones, collagen forms a scaffold for the deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The development of scaffolds is inappropriately formed in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta.

Refer Fig. 35.10, “A clinical trial of a drug treatment for Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” in the textbook. The researchers had conducted clinical trials by testing a new drug for the treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta. The clinical trial was carried out for a period of 12 months. They selected children under two years old. A comparison was also done between treated and untreated controls. The treated group contained nine children who were administered with the new drug and untreated group was the control group that contained six children. The vertebral area was also calculated before and afterward the treatment. The fractures that took place during the 12 months of the trial were also noted.

The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area after the 12-month period was nine. This is because all the treated children had a sudden increase in the vertebral area in cm². For example, Child 3 initially had a vertebral area of about 6.7 and the final vertebral area was about 16.5. Also, the overall mean calculation was initially 11.4 and was increased to 14.9 after the treatment.

Conclusion

All the nine treated children showed an increase in the vertebral area after 12-month period of the study.

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Answer 5

Chapter 35, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area during the 12-month period.

Introduction: Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through the red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Person T had multiple fractures in her legs and arms. At the age of six, she underwent a surgery in order to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her brittle, easily breakable bones are a symptom of a genetic disorder called Osteogenesis imperfecta. It is caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes. During the development of bones, collagen forms a scaffold for the deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The development of scaffolds is inappropriately formed in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta.

Refer Fig. 35.10, “A clinical trial of a drug treatment for Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” in the textbook. The researchers had conducted clinical trials by testing a new drug for the treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta. The clinical trial was carried out for a period of 12 months. They selected children under two years old. A comparison was also done between treated and untreated controls. The treated group contained nine children who were administered with the new drug and untreated group was the control group that contained six children. The vertebral area was also calculated before and afterward the treatment. The fractures that took place during the 12 months of the trial were also noted.

The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area after the 12-month period was nine. This is because all the treated children had a sudden increase in the vertebral area in cm². For example, Child 3 initially had a vertebral area of about 6.7 and the final vertebral area was about 16.5. Also, the overall mean calculation was initially 11.4 and was increased to 14.9 after the treatment.

Conclusion

All the nine treated children showed an increase in the vertebral area after 12-month period of the study.

Answer 6

Chapter 35, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area during the 12-month period.

Introduction: Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through the red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Person T had multiple fractures in her legs and arms. At the age of six, she underwent a surgery in order to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her brittle, easily breakable bones are a symptom of a genetic disorder called Osteogenesis imperfecta. It is caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes. During the development of bones, collagen forms a scaffold for the deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The development of scaffolds is inappropriately formed in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta.

Refer Fig. 35.10, “A clinical trial of a drug treatment for Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” in the textbook. The researchers had conducted clinical trials by testing a new drug for the treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta. The clinical trial was carried out for a period of 12 months. They selected children under two years old. A comparison was also done between treated and untreated controls. The treated group contained nine children who were administered with the new drug and untreated group was the control group that contained six children. The vertebral area was also calculated before and afterward the treatment. The fractures that took place during the 12 months of the trial were also noted.

The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area after the 12-month period was nine. This is because all the treated children had a sudden increase in the vertebral area in cm². For example, Child 3 initially had a vertebral area of about 6.7 and the final vertebral area was about 16.5. Also, the overall mean calculation was initially 11.4 and was increased to 14.9 after the treatment.

Conclusion

All the nine treated children showed an increase in the vertebral area after 12-month period of the study.

Answer 7

Chapter 35, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area during the 12-month period.

Introduction: Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through the red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Person T had multiple fractures in her legs and arms. At the age of six, she underwent a surgery in order to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her brittle, easily breakable bones are a symptom of a genetic disorder called Osteogenesis imperfecta. It is caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes. During the development of bones, collagen forms a scaffold for the deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The development of scaffolds is inappropriately formed in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta.

Refer Fig. 35.10, “A clinical trial of a drug treatment for Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” in the textbook. The researchers had conducted clinical trials by testing a new drug for the treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta. The clinical trial was carried out for a period of 12 months. They selected children under two years old. A comparison was also done between treated and untreated controls. The treated group contained nine children who were administered with the new drug and untreated group was the control group that contained six children. The vertebral area was also calculated before and afterward the treatment. The fractures that took place during the 12 months of the trial were also noted.

The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area after the 12-month period was nine. This is because all the treated children had a sudden increase in the vertebral area in cm². For example, Child 3 initially had a vertebral area of about 6.7 and the final vertebral area was about 16.5. Also, the overall mean calculation was initially 11.4 and was increased to 14.9 after the treatment.