Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 35, Problem 2DAA
Summary Introduction
To determine: The number of untreated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area after 12-month period.
Concept introduction:
Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.
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Chapter 35 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 35 - Prob. 1DAACh. 35 - Prob. 2DAACh. 35 - Prob. 3DAACh. 35 - Prob. 4DAACh. 35 - An endoskeleton consists of _________. a. a fluid...Ch. 35 - Prob. 2SQCh. 35 - Prob. 3SQCh. 35 - A ligament connects ________. a. bones at a joint...Ch. 35 - Prob. 5SQCh. 35 - The ___ attaches to the pelvic girdle. a. radius...
Ch. 35 - The ________ is the basic unit of contraction. a....Ch. 35 - In sarcomeres, phosphate-group transfers from ATP...Ch. 35 - A sarcomere shortens when ________. a. thick...Ch. 35 - Prob. 10SQCh. 35 - Prob. 11SQCh. 35 - A motor unit is _________. a. a muscle and the...Ch. 35 - _______ from a motor neuron excites a muscle...Ch. 35 - The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases...Ch. 35 - Match the words with their defining feature. _____...Ch. 35 - Continued strenuous activity can cause lactate to...Ch. 35 - After death, calcium pumps no longer function and...Ch. 35 - Bully whippets are homozygous for a deletion of...Ch. 35 - Athletes tend to have stronger bones than...
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- The Haversian canal: is arranged as rods or plates contains the bone’s blood vessels and nerve fibers is responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones synthesizes and secretes matrixarrow_forwardBuilding Better Bones Tiffany, shown in FIGURE 35.22, was born with multiple fractures in her arms and legs. By age six, she had undergone surgery to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her fragile, easily broken bones are symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene for collagen. As bones develop, collagen forms a scaffold for deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The scaffold forms improperly in children with OI. FIGURE 35.22 also shows the results of a test of a new drug. Treated children, all less than two years old, were compared to similarly affected children of the same age who were not treated with the drug. Vertebral Treated area in cm2 Fractures child (Initial) (Final) per year 1 14.7 16.7 1 2 15.5 16.9 1 3 6.7 16.5 6 4 7.3 11.8 0 5 13.6 14.6 6 6 9.3 15.6 1 7 15.3 15.9 0 8 9.9 13.0 4 9 10.5 13.4 4 Mean 11.4 14.9 2.6 Vertebral Treated area in cm2 Fractures child (Initial) (Final) per year 1 18.2 13.7 4 2 16.5 12.9 7 3 16.4 11.3 8 4 13.5 7.7 5 5 16.2 16.1 8 6 18.9 17.0 6 Mean 16.6 13.1 6.3 FIGURE 35.22 Results of a clinical trial of a drug treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which affects the child shown at right. Nine children with OI received the drug. Six others were untreated controls. Surface area of certain vertebrae was measured before and after treatment. Fractures occurring during the 12 months of the trial were also recorded. 1. An increase in vertebral area during the 12-month period of the study indicates bone growth. How many of the treated children showed such an increase?arrow_forwardBuilding Better Bones Tiffany, shown in FIGURE 35.22, was born with multiple fractures in her arms and legs. By age six, she had undergone surgery to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her fragile, easily broken bones are symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene for collagen. As bones develop, collagen forms a scaffold for deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The scaffold forms improperly in children with OI. FIGURE 35.22 also shows the results of a test of a new drug. Treated children, all less than two years old, were compared to similarly affected children of the same age who were not treated with the drug. Vertebral Treated area in cm2 Fractures child (Initial) (Final) per year 1 14.7 16.7 1 2 15.5 16.9 1 3 6.7 16.5 6 4 7.3 11.8 0 5 13.6 14.6 6 6 9.3 15.6 1 7 15.3 15.9 0 8 9.9 13.0 4 9 10.5 13.4 4 Mean 11.4 14.9 2.6 Vertebral Treated area in cm2 Fractures child (Initial) (Final) per year 1 18.2 13.7 4 2 16.5 12.9 7 3 16.4 11.3 8 4 13.5 7.7 5 5 16.2 16.1 8 6 18.9 17.0 6 Mean 16.6 13.1 6.3 FIGURE 35.22 Results of a clinical trial of a drug treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which affects the child shown at right. Nine children with OI received the drug. Six others were untreated controls. Surface area of certain vertebrae was measured before and after treatment. Fractures occurring during the 12 months of the trial were also recorded. 2. How many of the untreated children showed an increase in vertebral area?arrow_forward
- Building Better Bones Tiffany, shown in FIGURE 35.22, was born with multiple fractures in her arms and legs. By age six, she had undergone surgery to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her fragile, easily broken bones are symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene for collagen. As bones develop, collagen forms a scaffold for deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The scaffold forms improperly in children with OI. FIGURE 35.22 also shows the results of a test of a new drug. Treated children, all less than two years old, were compared to similarly affected children of the same age who were not treated with the drug. Vertebral Treated area in cm2 Fractures child (Initial) (Final) per year 1 14.7 16.7 1 2 15.5 16.9 1 3 6.7 16.5 6 4 7.3 11.8 0 5 13.6 14.6 6 6 9.3 15.6 1 7 15.3 15.9 0 8 9.9 13.0 4 9 10.5 13.4 4 Mean 11.4 14.9 2.6 Vertebral Treated area in cm2 Fractures child (Initial) (Final) per year 1 18.2 13.7 4 2 16.5 12.9 7 3 16.4 11.3 8 4 13.5 7.7 5 5 16.2 16.1 8 6 18.9 17.0 6 Mean 16.6 13.1 6.3 FIGURE 35.22 Results of a clinical trial of a drug treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which affects the child shown at right. Nine children with OI received the drug. Six others were untreated controls. Surface area of certain vertebrae was measured before and after treatment. Fractures occurring during the 12 months of the trial were also recorded. 3. How did the rate of fractures in the two groups compare?arrow_forwardBuilding Better Bones Tiffany, shown in FIGURE 35.22, was born with multiple fractures in her arms and legs. By age six, she had undergone surgery to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her fragile, easily broken bones are symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene for collagen. As bones develop, collagen forms a scaffold for deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The scaffold forms improperly in children with OI. FIGURE 35.22 also shows the results of a test of a new drug. Treated children, all less than two years old, were compared to similarly affected children of the same age who were not treated with the drug. Vertebral Treated area in cm2 Fractures child (Initial) (Final) per year 1 14.7 16.7 1 2 15.5 16.9 1 3 6.7 16.5 6 4 7.3 11.8 0 5 13.6 14.6 6 6 9.3 15.6 1 7 15.3 15.9 0 8 9.9 13.0 4 9 10.5 13.4 4 Mean 11.4 14.9 2.6 Vertebral Treated area in cm2 Fractures child (Initial) (Final) per year 1 18.2 13.7 4 2 16.5 12.9 7 3 16.4 11.3 8 4 13.5 7.7 5 5 16.2 16.1 8 6 18.9 17.0 6 Mean 16.6 13.1 6.3 FIGURE 35.22 Results of a clinical trial of a drug treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which affects the child shown at right. Nine children with OI received the drug. Six others were untreated controls. Surface area of certain vertebrae was measured before and after treatment. Fractures occurring during the 12 months of the trial were also recorded. 4. Do these results shown support the hypothesis that this drug, which slows bone breakdown, can increase bone growth and reduce fractures in young children with OI?arrow_forwardBone remodeling has all of the following functions except ____________ a. helps maintain homeostasis in blood level of calcium b. replaces old bone with fresh bone tissue c. exchanges collagen with elastin fibers for flexibility d. strengthens bones subjected to mechanical stressarrow_forward
- The cells responsible for bone resorption are ___________ . osteoclasts osteoblasts fibroblasts osteocytesarrow_forwardPart A. A race between two runners is often used as an analogy to describe the mechanism of endochondral ossification. Review endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, who are the two runners? Did each runner begin the race at the same time? Who is in the lead? How does the race end?arrow_forwardCan you help me with this activities and explain, I can’t identify the structure.arrow_forward
- Now on to the microscopic anatomy! Bone contains 4 types of cells embedded in a mineralized extracellular matrix. Match the structure with its description. You may use answers more than once. V [ Choose ] Immature bone cells Osteoclasts Mature bone cells Osteoprogenitor cells Osteoblasts Bone makers Osteoprogenitor cells & osteoblasts Maintain the extracellular matrix Extracellular matrix Osteocytes Bone stem cells TChoose j Bone breakers [ Choose ] Turn into osteocytes when trapped by their own secretions Choose ] Located in periosteum & endosteum [ Choose ] Located in lacunae [Choose ] Located wherever bone is being broken down [ Choose ] Secrete extracellular matrix [ Choose ] Made of calcium minerals anchored to collagen fibers, within a semi-solid ground substance [ Choose ] Arranged in lamellae Choose ] Connected to other cells by canaliculi [ Choose ]arrow_forwardLable it directly on the image, please.arrow_forward20arrow_forward
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