When a stat erupts in a supernova explosion, huge numbers of electron neutrinos are formed in nuclear reactions. Such neutrinos from the 1987A supernova in the relatively nearby Magellanic Cloud were observed within hours of the initial brightening, indicating they traveled to earth at approximately the speed of light . Explain how this date can be used to set an upper limit on the mass of the neutrino, noting that the mass is small the neutrinos could travel very close to the speed at light and have a reasonable energy (on the order of MeV).
When a stat erupts in a supernova explosion, huge numbers of electron neutrinos are formed in nuclear reactions. Such neutrinos from the 1987A supernova in the relatively nearby Magellanic Cloud were observed within hours of the initial brightening, indicating they traveled to earth at approximately the speed of light . Explain how this date can be used to set an upper limit on the mass of the neutrino, noting that the mass is small the neutrinos could travel very close to the speed at light and have a reasonable energy (on the order of MeV).
When a stat erupts in a supernova explosion, huge numbers of electron neutrinos are formed in nuclear reactions. Such neutrinos from the 1987A supernova in the relatively nearby Magellanic Cloud were observed within hours of the initial brightening, indicating they traveled to earth at approximately the speed of light. Explain how this date can be used to set an upper limit on the mass of the neutrino, noting that the mass is small the neutrinos could travel very close to the speed at light and have a reasonable energy (on the order of MeV).
Definition Definition Rate at which light travels, measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is a universal physical constant used in many areas of physics, most commonly denoted by the letter c . The value of the speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s, but for most of the calculations, the value of the speed of light is approximated as c = 3 x 10 8 m/s.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a helically-shaped bacterium that is usually found in the stomach. It burrows through the gastric mucous
lining to establish an infection in the stomach's epithelial cells (see photo). Approximately 90% of the people infected with H. pylori will
never experience symptoms. Others may develop peptic ulcers and show symptoms of chronic gastritis. The method of motility of H.
pylori is a prokaryotic flagellum attached to the back of the bacterium that rigidly rotates like a propeller on a ship. The flagellum is
composed of proteins and is approximately 40.0 nm in diameter and can reach rotation speeds as high as 1.50 x 103 rpm. If the speed
of the bacterium is 10.0 μm/s, how far has it moved in the time it takes the flagellum to rotate through an angular displacement of 5.00
* 10² rad?
Zina Deretsky, National Science
Foundation/Flickr
H. PYLORI CROSSING MUCUS LAYER OF STOMACH
H.pylori Gastric Epithelial
mucin cells
gel
Number
i
318
Units
um
H.pylori…
T1. Calculate what is the received frequency when the car drives away from the radar antenna at a speed v of a) 1 m/s ( = 3.6 km/h), b) 10 m/s ( = 36 km/h), c) 30 m /s ( = 108 km/h) . The radar transmission frequency f is 24.125 GHz = 24.125*10^9 Hz, about 24 GHz. Speed of light 2.998 *10^8 m/s.
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