College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168048
Author: Paul Peter Urone, OpenStax, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 33, Problem 11PE
A proton and an antiproton collide head−on, with each having a kinetic energy of 7.00 TeV (such as in the LHC at CERN). How much collision energy is available, taking into account the annihilation of the two masses? (Note that this is not significantly greater than the extremely relativistic kinetic energy.)
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A proton and an antiproton collide head-on, with each having a kinetic energy of 7.00 TeV (such as in the LHC at CERN). How much collision energy is available, taking into account the annihilation of the two masses? (Note that this is not significantly greater than the extremely relativistic kineticenergy.)
Consider a collider in which protons, rest mass 938.3 MeV/c², that are moving in the +x
direction with a kinetic energy of 10 GeV are made to collide with antiprotons of an equal
energy that are moving in the x direction.
ii) What is the speed of the protons as measured in the laboratory?
iii) What is the highest mass particle that could be created in a collision of a proton
and antiproton?
Now consider a fixed target experiment in which a beam of antiprotons is made incident
upon a stationary proton target.
iv) Use the Lorentz velocity transformation to determine the antiproton speed required.
for the fixed target experiment to have the same particle creation capability as the
collider.
v) Convert this speed to a kinetic energy and comment on the result in the context of
the use of colliders or fixed target devices for high energy physics.
When an electron and positron collide at the SLAC facility, they each have 50.0 GeV kinetic energies. What is the total collision energy available, taking into account the annihilation energy? Note that the annihilation energy is insignificant, because the electrons are highly relativistic.
Chapter 33 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 33 - The total energy in the beam of an accelerator is...Ch. 33 - Synchrotron radiation takes energy from an...Ch. 33 - What two major limitations prevent us from...Ch. 33 - What are the advantages of collidingbeam...Ch. 33 - Large quanti?es of antimatter isolated from normal...Ch. 33 - Massless particles are not only neutral, they are...Ch. 33 - Massless particles must travel at the speed of...Ch. 33 - When a stat erupts in a supernova explosion, huge...Ch. 33 - Theorists have had spectacular success in...Ch. 33 - What lifetime do you expect for an antineutron...
Ch. 33 - Why does the meson have such a short lifetime...Ch. 33 - (a) Is a hadron always a baryon? (b) Is a baryon...Ch. 33 - Explain how conservation of baryon number is...Ch. 33 - The quark ?avor change it takes place in decay....Ch. 33 - Explain how the weak force can change strangeness...Ch. 33 - Beta decay is caused by the weak force, as are all...Ch. 33 - Why is it easier to see the properties of the c,...Ch. 33 - How can quarks, which are fermions, combine to...Ch. 33 - What evidence is cited is support the contention...Ch. 33 - Discuss how we know that (mesons are not...Ch. 33 - An antibaryon has three antiquarks with colors...Ch. 33 - Suppose leptons are created in a reaction. Does...Ch. 33 - How can the lifetime of a particle indicate that...Ch. 33 - (a) Do all particles having strangeness also have...Ch. 33 - The sigmazero particle decays mostly via the...Ch. 33 - What do the quark compositions and other quantum...Ch. 33 - Discuss the similarities and differences between...Ch. 33 - Identity evidence for electroweak unification.Ch. 33 - The quarks in a particle are con?ned, meaning...Ch. 33 - If a GUT is proven, and the four forces are...Ch. 33 - If the Higgs boson is discovered and found to have...Ch. 33 - Gluons and the photon are massless. Does this...Ch. 33 - A virtual particle having an approximate mass of...Ch. 33 - Calculate the mass in of a virtual carrier...Ch. 33 - Another component of the strong nuclear force is...Ch. 33 - (a) Find the ratio of the strengths the weak and...Ch. 33 - We ratio of the strong to the weak force and the...Ch. 33 - At full energy, protons in the 2.00kmdiameter...Ch. 33 - Suppose a W created in a bubble chamber lives for...Ch. 33 - What length track does a (+ traveling at 0.100 c...Ch. 33 - The 3.20kmlong SLAC produces a beam of 50.0GeV...Ch. 33 - Because of energy loss due to synchrotron...Ch. 33 - A proton and an antiproton collide headon, with...Ch. 33 - When an electron and positron collide at the SLAC...Ch. 33 - The is its own antiparticle and decays in the...Ch. 33 - The primary decay mode for the negative pion is...Ch. 33 - The mass of a theoretical particle that may be...Ch. 33 - The decay mode of the negative muon is (a) Find...Ch. 33 - The decay mode of the positive tau is (a) What...Ch. 33 - The principal decay mode at the sigma zero is (a)...Ch. 33 - (a) What is the uncertainty in the energy released...Ch. 33 - (a) What is the uncertainty in the energy released...Ch. 33 - (a) Verify from its quark composition that the...Ch. 33 - Accelerators such as the Triangle Universities...Ch. 33 - The reaction (described in the preceding problem)...Ch. 33 - One of the decay modes of the omega minus is (a)...Ch. 33 - Repeat the previous problem for the decay modeCh. 33 - One decay mode for the etazero meson is (a) Find...Ch. 33 - One decay mode for the etazero meson is (a) Write...Ch. 33 - Is the decay possible considering the appropriate...Ch. 33 - Is the decay possible considering the appropriate...Ch. 33 - (a) Is the decay possible considering the...Ch. 33 - (a) Is the decay possible considering the...Ch. 33 - The only combination of quark colors that produces...Ch. 33 - (a) Three quarks form a baryon. How many...Ch. 33 - (a) Show that the conjectured decay of the proton,...Ch. 33 - Verify the quantum numbers given for the + in...Ch. 33 - Verify the quantum numbers given for the proton...Ch. 33 - (a) How much energy would be released if the...Ch. 33 - (a) Find the charge, baryon number, strangeness,...Ch. 33 - There are particles called Dmesons. One of them is...Ch. 33 - There are particles called bottom mesons or...Ch. 33 - (a) What particle has the quark composition u-u-d?...Ch. 33 - (a) Show than all combinations of three quarks...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts The intensity of cosmic ray...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Assuming conservation of...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts What is the wavelength of a...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Calculate the relativistic...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts The primary decay mode for the...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Plans for an accelerator that...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Suppose you are designing a...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts In supernovas, neutrinos are...Ch. 33 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider an...Ch. 33 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a detector...
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- The primary decay mode for the negative pion is +v . (a) What is the energy release in MeV in this decay? (b) Using conservation of momentum, how much energy does each of the decay products receive, given the is at rest when it decays? You may assume the muon antineutrino is massless and has momentum p = E/c , just like a photon.arrow_forwardBased on quark composition of a proton, show that its charge is +1.arrow_forwardThe mass of a theoretical particle that may be associated with the unification of the electroweak and strong forces is 1014 GeV/c2 .(a) How many proton masses is this?(b) How many electron masses is this? (This indicates how extremely relativistic the accelerator would have to be in order to make the particle, and how large the relativistic quantity γ would have to be.)arrow_forward
- A proton‑antiproton annihilation takes place, leaving two photons with a combined energy of 2.50 GeV. Find the kinetic energy Kp of the proton if the proton had the same kinetic energy as the antiproton. Find the kinetic energy Kp′ of the proton if the proton had 1.25 times as much kinetic energy as the antiproton.arrow_forwardAn electrically neutral pion (º) can be created in a collision between two protons. (The protons still exist after the interaction.) Thus the reaction is p+р-->p+p+⁰° The proton rest energy is 938 MeV, and the pion rest energy is 140 MeV. Imagine that you are designing an accelerator, and you want to make sure that it has sufficient energy to produce a . (a) If the accelerator shoots a beam of protons onto a stationary proton target, what is the minimum (threshold) kinetic energy per proton? (b) If the accelerator has two colliding beams of protons (both with the same energy), then what is the minimum (threshold) kinetic energy per proton?arrow_forwardThe mass of a theoretical particle that may be associated with the unification of the electroweak and strong forces is 1014 GeV/c2. How many electron masses is this? (This indicates how extremely relativistic the accelerator would have to be in order to make the particle, and how large the relativistic quantity would have to be.)arrow_forward
- Two protons collide and form a neutral pion through this interaction: Proton + proton --> proton + proton + pion. Protons have a mass of 938 MeV/c2 and the pion 135 MeV/c2. In the scenario where both incident protons are moving with the same speed, in opposite directions, what is the minimum kinetic energy for the protons to have to be able to produce the neutral pion as described above? Thanksarrow_forwardA pion of positive electric charge (n*) and mass m, = 139,6 MeV/c², resting in the laboratory, decays in a muon with the same electric charge (u*) and a neutrin of muon (vu), The mass of the muon is equal to m, = 105, 7 MeV /c² and that of the neutrin is practically null. a) Determine the muon speed according an observer in the laboratory. b) What conservation laws should be considered in the present problem? Why?arrow_forward(a) A particle and its antiparticle are at rest relative to an observer and annihilate (completely destroying both masses), creating two γ rays of equal energy. What is the characteristic γ -ray energy you would look for if searching for evidence of proton-antiproton annihilation? (The fact thatsuch radiation is rarely observed is evidence that there is very little antimatter in the universe.) (b) How does this compare with the 0.511-MeV energy associated with electron-positron annihilation?arrow_forward
- Urgent!!arrow_forwardThe V-A theory gives the formula for the width (Ãμ) of the muon decay in natural units. 3 I₁ = ħ/t = G₁² m₁5/192³ Convert the above formula in practical units and calculate the mean life time of muon [(GF/(hc) = 1.116 × 10-5 GeV-2, mu 2 = 105.659 MeV]arrow_forwardWhen a proton and an antiproton annihilate, the resulting energy can be used to create new particles. One possibility is the creation of electrically neutral particles called neutral pions. A neutral pion has a rest mass of 135 MeV/c2. How many neutral pions could be produced in the annihilation of a proton and an antiproton? Assume the proton and antiproton are moving very slowly as they collide.arrow_forward
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