College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168048
Author: Paul Peter Urone, OpenStax, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 33, Problem 5PE
We ratio of the strong to the weak force and the ratio of the strong force to the
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The Schwarzschild radius RBH for an object of mass M is defined as
(See image.)
where c is the speed of light and G is the universal gravitational constant. RBH gives the radius of the event horizon of a black hole with mass M. In other words, it gives the radius to which some amount of mass M would need to be compressed in order to form a black hole.
1. The mass of the Sun is about 1.99 × 1030 kg. What would be the radius of a black hole with this mass?
2. The mass of Mars is about 6.42 × 1023 kg. What would be the radius of a black hole with this mass?
3. Suppose you want to make a black hole that is roughly the size of an atom (take RBH = 1.10 x 10-10 m). What would be the mass M of such a black hole?
the average
blood velocity is 20.0 cm/s?
3. Estimate magnetic field strength 1 mm away from the axon if
magnitude of axon current is I = 4.1×10 A. Suppose, that axon is long
straight current caring wire.
A new type of force was discovered by physicists with the following expression:Fnew = a/x +Be^x+3x^4
where alpha & beta are constants, and x is the position. The expression above was obtained from the interaction of a massless Higgs Boson (a type of particle) and a black hole quantum physicists then decides to design and build a machine that is able to move the Higgs Boson from x2 to x1. How much work should the machine do to achieve this feat? (For simplicity, consider that no energy is lost in the process)
to determine the work done we apply the following and make sure to follow the instructions.
Chapter 33 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 33 - The total energy in the beam of an accelerator is...Ch. 33 - Synchrotron radiation takes energy from an...Ch. 33 - What two major limitations prevent us from...Ch. 33 - What are the advantages of collidingbeam...Ch. 33 - Large quanti?es of antimatter isolated from normal...Ch. 33 - Massless particles are not only neutral, they are...Ch. 33 - Massless particles must travel at the speed of...Ch. 33 - When a stat erupts in a supernova explosion, huge...Ch. 33 - Theorists have had spectacular success in...Ch. 33 - What lifetime do you expect for an antineutron...
Ch. 33 - Why does the meson have such a short lifetime...Ch. 33 - (a) Is a hadron always a baryon? (b) Is a baryon...Ch. 33 - Explain how conservation of baryon number is...Ch. 33 - The quark ?avor change it takes place in decay....Ch. 33 - Explain how the weak force can change strangeness...Ch. 33 - Beta decay is caused by the weak force, as are all...Ch. 33 - Why is it easier to see the properties of the c,...Ch. 33 - How can quarks, which are fermions, combine to...Ch. 33 - What evidence is cited is support the contention...Ch. 33 - Discuss how we know that (mesons are not...Ch. 33 - An antibaryon has three antiquarks with colors...Ch. 33 - Suppose leptons are created in a reaction. Does...Ch. 33 - How can the lifetime of a particle indicate that...Ch. 33 - (a) Do all particles having strangeness also have...Ch. 33 - The sigmazero particle decays mostly via the...Ch. 33 - What do the quark compositions and other quantum...Ch. 33 - Discuss the similarities and differences between...Ch. 33 - Identity evidence for electroweak unification.Ch. 33 - The quarks in a particle are con?ned, meaning...Ch. 33 - If a GUT is proven, and the four forces are...Ch. 33 - If the Higgs boson is discovered and found to have...Ch. 33 - Gluons and the photon are massless. Does this...Ch. 33 - A virtual particle having an approximate mass of...Ch. 33 - Calculate the mass in of a virtual carrier...Ch. 33 - Another component of the strong nuclear force is...Ch. 33 - (a) Find the ratio of the strengths the weak and...Ch. 33 - We ratio of the strong to the weak force and the...Ch. 33 - At full energy, protons in the 2.00kmdiameter...Ch. 33 - Suppose a W created in a bubble chamber lives for...Ch. 33 - What length track does a (+ traveling at 0.100 c...Ch. 33 - The 3.20kmlong SLAC produces a beam of 50.0GeV...Ch. 33 - Because of energy loss due to synchrotron...Ch. 33 - A proton and an antiproton collide headon, with...Ch. 33 - When an electron and positron collide at the SLAC...Ch. 33 - The is its own antiparticle and decays in the...Ch. 33 - The primary decay mode for the negative pion is...Ch. 33 - The mass of a theoretical particle that may be...Ch. 33 - The decay mode of the negative muon is (a) Find...Ch. 33 - The decay mode of the positive tau is (a) What...Ch. 33 - The principal decay mode at the sigma zero is (a)...Ch. 33 - (a) What is the uncertainty in the energy released...Ch. 33 - (a) What is the uncertainty in the energy released...Ch. 33 - (a) Verify from its quark composition that the...Ch. 33 - Accelerators such as the Triangle Universities...Ch. 33 - The reaction (described in the preceding problem)...Ch. 33 - One of the decay modes of the omega minus is (a)...Ch. 33 - Repeat the previous problem for the decay modeCh. 33 - One decay mode for the etazero meson is (a) Find...Ch. 33 - One decay mode for the etazero meson is (a) Write...Ch. 33 - Is the decay possible considering the appropriate...Ch. 33 - Is the decay possible considering the appropriate...Ch. 33 - (a) Is the decay possible considering the...Ch. 33 - (a) Is the decay possible considering the...Ch. 33 - The only combination of quark colors that produces...Ch. 33 - (a) Three quarks form a baryon. How many...Ch. 33 - (a) Show that the conjectured decay of the proton,...Ch. 33 - Verify the quantum numbers given for the + in...Ch. 33 - Verify the quantum numbers given for the proton...Ch. 33 - (a) How much energy would be released if the...Ch. 33 - (a) Find the charge, baryon number, strangeness,...Ch. 33 - There are particles called Dmesons. One of them is...Ch. 33 - There are particles called bottom mesons or...Ch. 33 - (a) What particle has the quark composition u-u-d?...Ch. 33 - (a) Show than all combinations of three quarks...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts The intensity of cosmic ray...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Assuming conservation of...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts What is the wavelength of a...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Calculate the relativistic...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts The primary decay mode for the...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Plans for an accelerator that...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Suppose you are designing a...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts In supernovas, neutrinos are...Ch. 33 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider an...Ch. 33 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a detector...
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- Two 0.60-kgkg basketballs, each with a radius of 19 cmcm , are just touching a) How much energy is required to change the separation between the centers of the basketballs to 1.0 mm ? (Ignore any other gravitational interactions.) b) How much energy is required to change the separation between the centers of the basketballs to 13 mm ? (Ignore any other gravitational interactions.)arrow_forwardProblem A new type of force was discovered by physicists with the following expression: a Fnew + Be* + 3x4 = - where alpha & beta are constants, and x is the position. The expression above was obtained from the interaction of a massless Hig gs Boson (a type of particle) and a black hole. Quantum physicists then decides to design and build a machine that is able to move the Higgs Boson from x2 to x1. How much work should the machine do to achieve this feat? (For simplicity, consider that no energy is lost in the process) Solution To determine the work done we apply the following W = dx Evaluating the above, we get W = e for the limits from xị to Xf substituting x1 and x2 as the limits, the work done is expressed as W = | + Bl X1 ) ( x15 - x25 )arrow_forwardObservations show that a celestial body traveling at 1.2 × 106 mi/h appears to be describing about point B a circle of radius equal to 60 light years. Point B is suspected of being a very dense concentration of mass called a black hole. Determine the ratio MB/MS of the mass at B to the mass of the sun. (The mass of the sun is 330,000 times the mass of the earth, and a light year is the distance traveled by light in 1 year at 186,300 mi/s.)arrow_forward
- The radius Rh of a black hole is the radius of a mathematical sphere, called the event horizon, that is centered on the black hole. Information from events inside the event horizon cannot reach the outside world. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, Rh = 2GM/c2, where M is the mass of the black hole and c is the speed of light. Suppose that you wish to study a black hole near it, at a radial distance of 48Rh. However, you do not want the difference in gravitational acceleration between your feet and your head to exceed 10 m/s2 when you are feet down (or head down) toward the black hole. (a) Take your height to be 1.5 m. What is the limit to the mass of the black hole you can tolerate at the given radial distance? Give the ratio of this mass to the mass MS of our Sun.arrow_forwardThe radius Rh of a black hole is the radius of a mathematical sphere, called the event horizon, that is centered on the black hole. Information from events inside the event horizon cannot reach the outside world. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, Rh = 2GM/c2, where M is the mass of the black hole and c is the speed of light. Suppose that you wish to study a black hole near it, at a radial distance of 48Rh. However, you do not want the difference in gravitational acceleration between your feet and your head to exceed 10 m/s2 when you are feet down (or head down) toward the black hole. (a) Take your height to be 1.5 m. What is the limit to the mass of the black hole you can tolerate at the given radial distance? Give the ratio of this mass to the mass MS of our Sun. (b) Is the ratio an upper limit estimate or a lower limit estimate?arrow_forwardThe kinetic energy of the ejecta from a supernova explosion is about 10^44 joules. Use the formula for kinetic energy to determine the typical speed at which matter is ejected from a supernova with a mass of 10 Msun. Compare that speed with the Sunʹs orbital speed around our galaxy. Based on your comparison, do you think the galaxyʹs gravity would be strong enough to retain the supernova debris if there were no interstellar medium to slow it down? Explain.arrow_forward
- This would be all of g. how do you get just the z component of the gravitational fieldarrow_forwardThe radius Rh of a black hole is the radius of a mathematicalsphere, called the event horizon, that is centered on the blackhole. Information from events inside the event horizon cannotreach the outside world. According to Einstein’s general theory ofrelativity, Rh = 2GM/c2, where M is the mass of the black hole andc is the speed of light.Suppose that you wish to study a black hole near it, at a radialdistance of 50Rh. However, you do not want the difference in gravitationalacceleration between your feet and your head to exceed10 m/s2 when you are feet down (or head down) toward the blackhole. (a) As a multiple of our Sun’s mass MS, approximately what isthe limit to the mass of the black hole you can tolerate at the givenradial distance? (You need to estimate your height.) (b) Is the limitan upper limit (you can tolerate smaller masses) or a lower limit(you can tolerate larger masses)?arrow_forwardLorentz Force is given by F = qE + q v, × B Given to vector, v, = ((0) î + (8) ĵ + (0) k) × 10° m/s and B ((-4) î + (5) ĵ + (5) k) Tesla, If the charge is given by q = 24 nC and E = 0 Then, Find the Force F. x component Give your answer up to at least three significance digits. N y component Give your answer up to at least three significance digits. z component Give your answer up to at least three significance digits.arrow_forward
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