OER 2016 Edition

ISBN: 9781947172173

Author: OpenStax

Publisher: OpenStax College

Concept explainers

Nuclear fission is a type of nuclear reaction in which heavier nuclei split into lighter nuclei by releasing a large quantity of energy. The elements like uranium-235 and plutonium-239 isotope undergo nuclear fission releasing energy. When nuclei undergo…

Endothermic Nuclear Reaction

A nuclear reaction can be described as a process where two atoms, or two nuclei or nucleus and subatomic particles such as a proton, neutron interact together, and a large amount of energy is produced and new elements are also produced.

Textbook Question

Chapter 32, Problem 52PE

What mass is converted into energy by a 1.00−MT bomb?

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Chapter 32, Problem 51PE

Chapter 32, Problem 53PE

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In the fusion reaction H+H He + n the masses of deuteron, helium and neutron express ed in amu are 2.015, 3.017 and 1.009 respectively. If 1 kg of deuterium undergoes complete fusion, find the amount of total energy released. 1 amu = 931.5 MeV/c.

Assume that burning one metric ton (1,000 kg) of coal releases 3.30 1010 J of energy, while the fission of one nucleus of uranium-235 releases 200 MeV. What mass of uranium-235 (in g) produces the same energy in fission as burning five metric tons of coal?

A thorium-228 atom (mass = 228.0287 u) decays to radium-224 (mass = 224.0202 u) through alpha emission (mass 4.0026 u). The equation is shown below. How much energy is released from this reaction? 228Th - 90 224 Ra +He+energy (a) 1.2 MeV (b) 2.4 MeV (c) 4.1 MeV (d) 5.5 MeV

Chapter 32 Solutions

College Physics

Ch. 32 - In terms of radiation dose, what is the major...Ch. 32 - One of the methods used to limit radiation dose to...Ch. 32 - Isotopes that emit (radiation are relatively safe...Ch. 32 - Why is radon more closely associated with inducing...Ch. 32 - The RBE for lowenergy s is 1.7, whereas that for...Ch. 32 - Which methods of radiation protection were used in...Ch. 32 - What radioisotope could be a problem in homes...Ch. 32 - Are some types of cancer more sensitive to...Ch. 32 - Suppose a person swallows some radioactive...Ch. 32 - Radiotherapy is more likely to be used to treat...

Ch. 32 - Does loud irradiation leave the food radioactive?...Ch. 32 - Compare a low dose of radiation to a human with a...Ch. 32 - Suppose one load irradiation plant uses a 137Cs...Ch. 32 - Why does the fusion of light nuclei into heavier...Ch. 32 - Energy input is required to fuse medium-mass...Ch. 32 - In considering potential fusion reactions, what is...Ch. 32 - Give reasons justifying the contention made in the...Ch. 32 - Explain why the fission of heavy nuclei releases...Ch. 32 - Explain, in terms of conservation of momentum and...Ch. 32 - The ruins of the Chernobyl reactor are enclosed in...Ch. 32 - Since the uranium or plutonium nucleus fissions...Ch. 32 - The cure of a nuclear reactor generates a large...Ch. 32 - How can a nuclear reactor contain many critical...Ch. 32 - Why can heavy nuclei with odd numbers of neutrons...Ch. 32 - Why is a conventional fission nuclear reactor not...Ch. 32 - What are some of the reasons that plutonium rather...Ch. 32 - Use the laws of conservation of momentum and...Ch. 32 - How does the lithium deuteride in the...Ch. 32 - Fallout from nuclear weapons tests in the...Ch. 32 - A neutron generator uses an (source, such as...Ch. 32 - Neutrons from a source (perhaps the one discussed...Ch. 32 - The purpose of producing 99Mo (usually by neutron...Ch. 32 - (a) Two annihilation rays in a PET scan originate...Ch. 32 - Table 32.1 indicates that 7.50 mCi of 99mTc is...Ch. 32 - The activities of 131I and 123I used in thyroid...Ch. 32 - (a) Neutron activation of sodium, which is 100%...Ch. 32 - What is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1 Gy xray?...Ch. 32 - Find the radiation dose in Gy for: (a) A 10mSv...Ch. 32 - How many Gy of exposure is needed to give a...Ch. 32 - What is the dose in Sv in a cancer treatment that...Ch. 32 - One half the rays from 99mTc are absorbed by a...Ch. 32 - A plumber at a nuclear power plant receives a...Ch. 32 - In the 1980s, the term picowave was used to...Ch. 32 - Find the mass of 239Pu mat has an activity of 1.00...Ch. 32 - A beam of 168MeV nitrogen nuclei is used for...Ch. 32 - (a) If the average molecular mass of compounds in...Ch. 32 - Calculate the dose in Sv to the chest at a patient...Ch. 32 - (a) A cancer patient is exposed to rays from a...Ch. 32 - What is the mass of 60Co in a cancer therapy...Ch. 32 - Large amounts of 65Zn are produced in copper...Ch. 32 - Naturally occurring 40K is listed as responsible...Ch. 32 - (a) Background radiation due to 226Ra averages...Ch. 32 - The annual radiation dose from 14C in our bodies...Ch. 32 - If everyone in Australia received an extra 0.05...Ch. 32 - Verify that the total number at nucleons, total...Ch. 32 - Calculate the energy output in each of the fusion...Ch. 32 - Show that the total energy released in the...Ch. 32 - Verify by listing the number of nucleons, total...Ch. 32 - The energy produced by the fusion of a 1.00—kg...Ch. 32 - Tritium is naturally rare, but can be produced by...Ch. 32 - Two fusion reactions mentioned in the text are...Ch. 32 - (a) Calculate the number of grams of deuterium in...Ch. 32 - How many kilograms of water are needed to obtain...Ch. 32 - The power output of the Sun is 41026W. (a) If 90%...Ch. 32 - Another set of reactions that result in the fusing...Ch. 32 - (a) Find the total energy released in MeV in each...Ch. 32 - Verify that the total number of nucleons, total...Ch. 32 - Integrated Concepts The laser system tested for...Ch. 32 - Integrated Concepts Find the amount of energy...Ch. 32 - Integrated Concepts: (a) What temperature gas...Ch. 32 - Integrated Concepts (a) Estimate the years 1hat1he...Ch. 32 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the...Ch. 32 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the...Ch. 32 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the...Ch. 32 - Confirm that each at the reactions listed for...Ch. 32 - Breeding plutonium produces energy even before any...Ch. 32 - The naturally occurring radioactive isotope 232Th...Ch. 32 - The electrical power output of a large nuclear...Ch. 32 - A large power reactor that has been in operation...Ch. 32 - Find the mass converted into energy by a 12.0kT...Ch. 32 - What mass is converted into energy by a 1.00MT...Ch. 32 - Fusion bombs use neutrons from their fission...Ch. 32 - It is estimated that the total explosive yield of...Ch. 32 - A radiationenhanced nuclear weapon (or neutron...Ch. 32 - (a) How many 239Pu nuclei must fission to produce...Ch. 32 - Assume onefourth of the yield of a typical 320kT...Ch. 32 - This problem gives some idea of the magnitude of...Ch. 32 - It is estimated that weapons tests in the...Ch. 32 - A 1.00MT bomb exploded a few kilometers above the...Ch. 32 - Integrated Concepts One scheme to put nuclear...Ch. 32 - Prob. 1TP Ch. 32 - Prob. 2TP Ch. 32 - Prob. 3TP Ch. 32 - Prob. 4TP Ch. 32 - Prob. 5TP Ch. 32 - Prob. 6TP Ch. 32 - Prob. 7TP Ch. 32 - Prob. 8TP Ch. 32 - Prob. 9TP Ch. 32 - Prob. 10TP

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