Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577213
Author: Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 32, Problem 32.1QAP

Identify X in each of the following nuclear reactions:
(a) Z 30 68 n +   n 0 1 N 28 65 i + X
(b) P 15 30 S 14 30 i + X
(c) P 82 214 b B 83 214 i + X
(d) U 92 235 + n 0 1 4 ( n 0 1 + Z 30 72 n+X
(e) T 52 130 e + H 1 2 I 53 131 +X
(f) C 29 64 u + X N 28 64 i

(a)

Expert Solution
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of X is to be determined in the given nuclear reaction

  3068Zn+01n2865Ni+X

Concept Introduction :

A nuclear reaction is defined as the process in which two nuclei or nucleus of atom or of subatomic particle collide with an outside atom and results in the formation of two or more nuclides which are different nuclei of the parent atom.

Answer to Problem 32.1QAP

The reaction is −

  3068Zn+01n2865Ni+24He , where X is 24He .

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is −

  3068Zn+01n2865Ni+X

The above reaction shows the alpha decay. The alpha decay of element 3068Zn results in the formation of 2865Ni and 24He . Therefore, for the given reaction the value of X is 24He . Hence the correct nuclear reaction is given as-

  3068Zn+01n2865Ni+24He

(b)

Expert Solution
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of X is to be determined in the given nuclear reaction

  1530P1430Si+X

Concept Introduction :

A nuclear reaction is defined as the process in which two nuclei or nucleus of atom or of subatomic particle collide with an outside atom and results in the formation of two or more nuclides which are different nuclei of the parent atom.

Answer to Problem 32.1QAP

The reaction is −

  1530P1430Si+10n , where X is 10n .

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is −

  1530P1430Si+X

The above reaction shows the beta positive decay. The beta positive decay of given reaction results in the formation of 1430S and 10n . Therefore, for the given reaction the value of X is 10n means β+ . Hence the correct nuclear reaction is given as-

  1530P1430Si+10n

(c)

Expert Solution
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of X is to be determined in the given nuclear reaction

  82214Pb83214Bi+X

Concept Introduction :

A nuclear reaction is defined as the process in which two nuclei or nucleus of atom or of subatomic particle collide with an outside atom and results in the formation of two or more nuclides which are different nuclei of the parent atom.

Answer to Problem 32.1QAP

The reaction is −

  82214Pb83214Bi+10n, where X is 10n .

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is −

  82214Pb83214Bi+X

The above reaction shows the beta decay. The beta decay of given reaction results in the formation of 83214Bi and 10n . Therefore, for the given reaction the value of X is 10n means β . Hence, the correct nuclear reaction is given as-

  82214Pb83214Bi+10n

(d)

Expert Solution
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of X is to be determined in the given nuclear reaction.

  92235U+01n4(01n)+3072Zn+X

Concept Introduction:

A nuclear reaction is defined as the process in which two nuclei or nucleus of atom or of subatomic particle collide with an outside atom and results in the formation of two or more nuclides which are different nuclei of the parent atom.

Answer to Problem 32.1QAP

The reaction is −

  92235U+01n4(01n)+3072Zn+62160Sm , where X is 62160Sm

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is −

  92235U+01n4(01n)+3072Zn+X

The above reaction shows the alpha decay. The alpha decay of element 92235U results in the formation of 3072Zn and 62160Sm . Therefore, for the given reaction the value of X is 62160Sm . Hence the correct nuclear reaction is given as-

  92235U+01n4(01n)+3072Zn+62160Sm

(e)

Expert Solution
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of X is to be determined in the given nuclear reaction

  52130Te+12H53131I+X

Concept Introduction:

A nuclear reaction is defined as the process in which two nuclei or nucleus of atom or of subatomic particle collide with an outside atom and results in the formation of two or more nuclides which are different nuclei of the parent atom.

Answer to Problem 32.1QAP

The reaction is −

  52130Te+12H53131I+01n , where X is 01n .

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is −

  52130Te+12H53131I+X

The above reaction will be balanced when one is added to the mass number. Therefore one neutron with mass number one is added to the reaction, so the value of X is 01n means neutron. Hence the reaction is −

  52130Te+12H53131I+01n

(f)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of X is to be determined in the given nuclear reaction

  2964Cu+X2864Ni

Concept Introduction:

A nuclear reaction is defined as the process in which two nuclei or nucleus of atom or of subatomic particle collide with an outside atom and results in the formation of two or more nuclides which are different nuclei of the parent atom.

Answer to Problem 32.1QAP

The reaction is −

  2964Cu+10e2864Ni, where X is 10e

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is −

  2964Cu+X2864Ni

The above reaction will be balanced when one is added to the atomic number. Therefore, one electron with atomic number one will be added to the reaction so the value of X is 10e . Hence the reaction is −

  2964Cu+10e2864Ni

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