To discuss:
The distinctive roles of phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, integral proteins, peripheral proteins, and glycoproteins in membrane structure.
Introduction:
Cells are regarded as the simplest unit (structural and functional) of life. Cellular membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three major components of a cell. Cellular membrane, which surrounds the entire cell, is composed of phospholipids and proteins. The nucleus is bound by a nuclear membrane, and it possesses the genetic material of the cell. Cytoplasm consists of organelles, cytoskeleton (filaments and tubules), and inclusion bodies. Protoplasm denotes all living material that are present in the cell enclosed by the cellular membrane (inside and outside the nucleus).
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 3 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
- Phospholipids are the only molecule type which make up lipid bilayers in plasma membranes True or Falsearrow_forwardhow polar molecules can cross the nonpolar barrier formed by the lipid bi-layerarrow_forwardCholesterol-lipid microdomains are often referred to as membrane rafts. True or Falsearrow_forward
- True or False: In most cells, the lipid molecules that form the cell membrane bond to one another to form a firm, impermeable sheet.arrow_forwardWhat property of phospholipids make them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranesarrow_forwardWhich of the following membrane lipids is mainly structural? Phosphatidylthanolamine All of the other answers are correct Phosphatidylcholine Spingomyelin Inositol phospholipidsarrow_forward
- Phospholipids form the main fabric of the plasma membrane. One feature of phospholipids is that when they are placed in an aqueous solution, they will self-assemble into a double layer (bilayer) that resembles the bilayer of the plasma membrane. This self-assembly occurs because phospholipids are hydrophilic at one end (the phospholipid head) and hydrophobic at the other end (the phospholipid tails). Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the figure. 1. First, drag labels of Group 1 to targets (a) and (b) to indicate whether these environments are hydrophilic or hydrophobic. 2. Next, drag the phospholipid layers (Group 2) to targets (c) and (d) to indicate how they are oriented in the plasma membrane. 3. Finally, drag labels of Group 1 to targets (e), (f), and (g) to indicate which portions of the membrane protein are hydrophilic and which are hydrophobic. Group 1 extracellular hydrophobic fluid © hydrophilic plasma membrane Group 1 Group 2 (f membrane protein Group 1 Group…arrow_forwardTrue or False: Phosphates and its attachments permits phospholipid molecules to react to various molecules in the aqueous environment of the cytoplasm.arrow_forwardTRUE or FALSE: Eukaryotic cells feature membrane bound organelles that create specialized compartments within a single cell. The primary structure of the outer cell membrane is a double layer but the membranes that enclose organelles are only single layer. Choose. 1. Which of the following is one of the ways that will keep the membranes of such vegetables to remain fluid when it is extremely cold? A) by increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane B) by decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane C) by increasing the percentage of cholesterol molecules in the membrane D) by co-transport of glucose and hydrogen 2. After a membrane freezes and then defrost, it often turns out to be loose to solutes. The best logical reason for this is that: A) the lipid bilayer loses its fluidity when it freezes. B) transport proteins become nonfunctional during freezing C) the integrity of the lipid bilayer is broken when the membrane freezes D) the…arrow_forward
- Suggest a reason why phospholipids are constituents of cellmembranes rather than carboxylic acids.arrow_forwardWhich of the following lipid components of the eukaryotic plasma membrane would be associated with the highest membrane fluidity? a triglyceride with unbranched, saturated, short-chain fatty acids a monoglyceride with unbranched, saturated, short-chain fatty acids a triglyceride with unbranched, saturated, long-chain fatty acids a monoglyceride with branched, unsaturated, short-chain fatty acids a diglyceride with unbranched, saturated, long-chain fatty acidsarrow_forwardbasic structure of the subunit for each type of cytoskeletal protein and compare and contrast cytoskeletal proteins regarding:– Polarity– General filament structure / relative stability– General intracellular functionsarrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning