Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 32, Problem 13TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The myths about human population embraced by a popular culture that is needed to be corrected:
1) Humans have evolved from chimpanzees.
2) Evolution occurred in a steady linear progression from primitive primates to anatomically modern humans.
3) All human characteristics, such as bipedal locomotion and an enlarged brain, evolved simultaneously and at the same rate.
Introduction:
Human evolution is the process of evolution and development of modern humans, which have specialized features. One lineage called hominins, consists of humans and our bipedal ancestors. The other lineage called hominid includes humans, bipedal ancestors, and apes.
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A skeptic of evolution asks the following question – “If humans evolved from monkeys, why are there still monkeys?” Use your understanding of primate evolution to explain to this individual why their view of primate evolution is skewed. Reference examples.
There are two hypotheses to explain the pattern of Human Evolution:
1) Progressive Evolution of a Single Lineage ; 2) Evolutionary Radiation
Which of these hypotheses are supported by evidence, and briefly explain why?
Please explain in details
1. Embryology does NOT suggest which of the following?
A. Developmental mechanisms are unique for every different type of life and share no commonalities.
B. Human embryos pass through embryonic stages inherited from their ancestors.
C. Developmental mechanisms are evolutionarily modified in a way that is unique to an organism’s way of life.
2. Which comparative anatomy example does NOT support the theory of evolution?
A. Bats, humans, and cats have similarly constructed forelimbs and thus suggest a common ancestor.
B. The genus of legless lizards are no longer considered lizards and are now part of the snake genus.
C. Vestigial organs are structures that are no longer necessary for survival and are thus gradually becoming nonfunctional and reduced in size.
D. All statements support the theory of evolution
Chapter 32 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 32.1 - What organ system is unique to echinoderms, and...Ch. 32.1 - How does a perforated pharynx enable hemichordates...Ch. 32.2 - On a field trip to a lake, a college student...Ch. 32.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 32.3 - How do the Hox genes of vertebrates differ from...Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 32.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 32.4 - What traits in conodonts and ostracoderms are...Ch. 32.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 32.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 32.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 32.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 32.6 - What parts of the life cycle in most modern...Ch. 32.7 - How did the evolution of the amniote egg free...Ch. 32.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 32.7 - Based on the evolutionary history of the amniotes,...Ch. 32.8 - Prob. 1SBCh. 32.8 - Prob. 2SBCh. 32.9 - Prob. 1SBCh. 32.9 - What anatomical and behavioral characteristics of...Ch. 32.9 - Prob. 3SBCh. 32.9 - How do the structures of a birds bill, wings, and...Ch. 32.10 - Prob. 1SBCh. 32.10 - Prob. 2SBCh. 32.10 - On what basis are the three major groups of living...Ch. 32.11 - Prob. 1SBCh. 32.11 - What is the lowest taxonomic group that includes...Ch. 32.11 - Prob. 3SBCh. 32.12 - Prob. 1SBCh. 32.12 - Prob. 2SBCh. 32.12 - Prob. 3SBCh. 32 - Which phylum includes animals that have a water...Ch. 32 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 32 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 32 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 32 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 32 - The Hominoidea is a monophyletic group that...Ch. 32 - Which of the following hominin species was the...Ch. 32 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 32 - Which of the following characteristics does not...Ch. 32 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 32 - Discuss Concepts Whentetrapods first ventured onto...Ch. 32 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 32 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 32 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 32 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 32 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 32 - Walking along a rocky coast one day, you discover...Ch. 32 - The phylogenetic tree for vertebrates depicted...
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- The Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species (Homo sapiens) a. Briefly describe the two major theories discussed in this chapter about the origin of modern humans. b. Which of these two theories would predict a closer relationship for the various modern human populations? c. Which of the two theories is best supported by the genetic evidence?arrow_forwardAddress (don’t just say “true” or “false”) the following myths about evolution. Limit your answers to 1-2 sentences each: a. Evolution tells us how life began b. Evolution says animals do things for the good of their species. c. If evolution were true, they would call it a fact, not a theory.arrow_forwardYou are reading a scientific paper regarding the relationships of the anatomical and behavioral characteristics of chimpanzees and their implications for early hominid evolution. With the emphasis on anatomical and behavioral characteristics, this implies that the researchers are relying on A. Traditional classifications of chimpanzees and humans B. Nonevolutionary classifications of chimpanzees and humans C. An incorrect classification of human ancestors D. Cladistic classifications of chimpanzees and humansarrow_forward
- Please explain why other options are incorrectarrow_forwardPlease refer to the given figure in answering the following questions: Forelimbs evolved into wings Four limbs(forelimb and hindlimb) evolved B А 1. The wings of a bat and bird are a product of evolution. 2. The bat, mouse, bird, and crocodile have derived from the common ancestor that doesn't have the initial traits or characters. 3. is considered an outgroup in ancestor B. 4. The bat and mouse, the bird and crocodile are called groups. 5. The evolution of four limbs is for bat, mouse, bird, and crocodile. Shark Ray-finned fish Bat Mouse Crocodilearrow_forwardChanges in the traits of the fossils studied are consistent with what is expected to be favored by natural selection, given environmental changes during that time. Thus, from the late Miocene, modern horses evolved to have the following traits, consistent with grassland ecosystems becoming more common, EXCEPT for -- A. Formation of hooves and fused forelimb bones. B. Teeth adapted for browsing rather than grazing.. C. A muscle and tendon system allowing for a springing motion in galloping. D. Larger animals better designed for grazing.arrow_forward
- Of the following, which one is an example of an evolutionary explanation (as opposed to a functional explanation)?A. People evolved a fear of snakes because many snakes are dangerous.B. Humans have a (tiny) tailbone because our ancient monkey-like ancestors had a tail.C. People evolved an ability to recognize faces because that ability is essential for cooperative social behaviors.D. People evolved a tendency to form long-term male–female bonds because human infants benefit from the help of two parents during their long period of dependence.arrow_forwardOne compelling piece of evidence for human evolution is the fossil record, particularly the discovery of transitional fossils like Australopithecus afarensis. Lucy, discovered in 1974, provides an essential link between us humans today and our ape - like ancestors. Her head skeleton, especially the pelvis and leg bones, indicates that she walked upright, a key trait distinguishing early hominins from other primates. This evidence is compelling because it directly shows us physical adaptations in ancient species from millions of years ago that align with the evolutionary theory of bipedalism. Supporting this theory the gradual changes observed in the fossil record, from ape- like traits to more human-like features, offer concrete, sequentially proof of how humans have evolved over the years.arrow_forwardA. Directions: Examine the following statements, then decide whichevidence of evolution does it supports. Choose whether biogeography,fossil records, molecular biology, structure, or embryology. 1. Vertebrates have tails at some point in their early development. 2. Difference in the beaks of finches found in Galapagos Island compared to those that are found in mainland. 3. Diversification of marsupials and absence of other mammals in Australia. 4. Remnants of ancient ferns that are found in the continents of Africa and South America.arrow_forward
- DIRECTION: Match the picture in Column A with its corresponding evidence for evolution.in Column Band its description in Column C.arrow_forwardThe Neanderthal nuclear genome: A. Shows that Neanderthals inherited their ability to flake stone directly from Homo habilis. B. Is overwhelmingly similar to the modern human genome. C. Demonstrates once and for all that Neanderthals had language. D. Is composed exclusively of mitochondrial DNA. E. Indicates that most Neanderthal females died young, which explains why Neanderthal populations were so small.arrow_forwardA group of scientists examine the skeletal evidence below. Gibbon Orangutan Chimpanzee Gorilla Human What conclusion can be drawn from the diagram to support the theory of evolution? Man evolved from gorillas which evolved from chimpanzees. O Gibbons are most closely related to man because of similarities in their skeletal structure. O Orangutans have a larger jaw size than chimpanzees, allowing them to have a more carnivorous diet. Gorillas continued to walk on all four limbs to move around on the floor of forests, while man became bipedal to live in grasslands in order to hunt and carry food. O O O Oarrow_forward
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